---
title: miniature — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «miniature» in the school dictionary: Miniature means very small, a much smaller copy of something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# miniature

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Miniature, We, dollhouse, Shetland pony, She, model village · **What happens:** mean, copy, be, ride, have, look · **To what, where:** small, something, tiny model, miniature railway, miniature furniture, miniature

<!-- .vabout -->
«miniature» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [miniature in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/miniature.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miniature means very small, a much smaller copy of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:m1:1
# text = Miniature means very small, a much smaller copy of something.
1	Miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Miniature | small |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent small=Topic |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A miniature is a tiny model or a very small painting, often of a person's face.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:m2:1
# text = A miniature is a tiny model or a very small painting, often of a person's face.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a miniature | a tiny model or a small painting and a person's face |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rode on a miniature railway at the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x1:1
# text = We rode on a miniature railway at the park.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | We |  |  | a miniature railway |  | at the park | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dollhouse has miniature furniture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x2:1
# text = My dollhouse has miniature furniture.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dollhouse	dollhouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	miniature	miniature	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My dollhouse | miniature furniture |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent furniture=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Shetland pony looks like a miniature horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x3:1
# text = A Shetland pony looks like a miniature horse.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Shetland	shetland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a Shetland pony |  |  |  |  | like a miniature horse | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She painted a miniature of her grandmother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x4:1
# text = She painted a miniature of her grandmother.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | She | a miniature of her grandmother |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent miniature=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The model village is London in miniature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x5:1
# text = The model village is London in miniature.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the model village | London |  | miniature |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miniature golf is a fun game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x6:1
# text = Miniature golf is a fun game.
1	Miniature	miniature	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Miniature golf | a fun game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This man seeks the fresh sea breeze, while that one climbs the lofty mountain-top, to look down upon the busy life in miniature beneath him."

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miniature:x7:1
# text = This man seeks the fresh sea breeze, while that one climbs the lofty mountain-top, to look down upon the busy life in miniature beneath him."
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seeks	seek	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nsubj	_	_
12	climbs	climb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
21	down	down	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
28	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | present | this man | the fresh sea breeze |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breeze=Theme |
| 2 | **climb** | present | that one | the lofty mountain top |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location top=Theme |
| 3 | **look down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | miniature |  | upon the busy life; beneath man; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon life=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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