---
title: minim — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «minim» in the school dictionary: A note that lasts for two beats in common time; in the US it is called a «half note». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# minim

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** note, minim, Two minims, dotted minim, One minim, you · **What happens:** last, call, stroke, fill, dot, look · **To what, where:** note, pen, one bar, minim, America, two crotchets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«minim» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [minim in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/minim.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music, UK, Australia, NZ, Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A note that lasts for two beats in common time; in the US it is called a «half note».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:m1:1
# text = A note that lasts for two beats in common time; in the US it is called a «half note».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	beats	beat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	21	compound	_	_
21	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | a note |  |  |  |  | for two beats in common time | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive | a note *not said here* | note |  |  |  | in the US | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old measure — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tiny unit of liquid, about one drop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:m2:1
# text = A tiny unit of liquid, about one drop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	drop	drop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: handwriting — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short downward stroke of the pen, as in the letters m, n, u and i.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:m3:1
# text = A short downward stroke of the pen, as in the letters m, n, u and i.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	downward	downward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stroke	stroke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
13	m	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	n	n	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	u	you	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	i.	i.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	17	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stroke** |  |  | the pen |  |  |  |  | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A minim lasts for two beats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x1:1
# text = A minim lasts for two beats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	beats	beat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | a minim |  |  |  |  | for two beats | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two minims fill one bar in 4/4 time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x2:1
# text = Two minims fill one bar in 4/4 time.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	minims	minim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fill	fill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	4/4	4/4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | present | Two minims | one bar |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bar=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dotted minim lasts for three beats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x3:1
# text = A dotted minim lasts for three beats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dotted	dot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	beats	beat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **last** | present | a dotted minim |  |  |  |  | for three beats | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minim looks like an empty circle with a stick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x4:1
# text = The minim looks like an empty circle with a stick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the minim |  |  |  |  | like a empty circle with a stick | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In America, a minim is called a half note.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x5:1
# text = In America, a minim is called a half note.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	_
10	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a minim |  | America |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One minim equals two crotchets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x6:1
# text = One minim equals two crotchets.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	equals	equal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	crotchets	crotchet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **equal** | present | One minim | two crotchets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold the minim for two counts: «one, two».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x7:1
# text = Hold the minim for two counts: «one, two».
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	counts	count	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the minim |  |  |  | for two counts | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent minim=Theme one=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song ends on a long minim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minim:x8:1
# text = The song ends on a long minim.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	minim	minim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the song |  |  | a long minim |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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