---
title: minimalist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «minimalist» in the school dictionary: Very simple, using as few things, shapes or decorations as possible: «a minimalist bedroom». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# minimalist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** composer, person, bedroom, logo, minimalist artist, uncle · **What happens:** use, work, choose, live, be, paint · **To what, where:** minimalist, one line, canvas, 100 things, three words, same few notes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«minimalist» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [minimalist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/minimalist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very simple, using as few things, shapes or decorations as possible: «a minimalist bedroom».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:m1:1
# text = Very simple, using as few things, shapes or decorations as possible: «a minimalist bedroom».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	decorations	decoration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | as few things and shapes or decorations | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An artist, designer or composer who works in the style of minimalism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:m2:1
# text = An artist, designer or composer who works in the style of minimalism.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	designer	designer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	composer	composer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	minimalism	minimalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | composer |  |  |  |  | in the style of minimalism | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in style=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who chooses to live with very few possessions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:m3:1
# text = A person who chooses to live with very few possessions.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	chooses	choose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	possessions	possession	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with few possessions | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with possession=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her bedroom is minimalist: a bed, a desk and a plant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x1:1
# text = Her bedroom is minimalist: a bed, a desk and a plant.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Her bedroom | minimalist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The logo is minimalist, just a simple circle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x2:1
# text = The logo is minimalist, just a simple circle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	logo	logo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the logo | minimalist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A minimalist artist might paint one line on a canvas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x3:1
# text = A minimalist artist might paint one line on a canvas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	paint	paint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	canvas	canvas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | might | a minimalist artist | one line |  | a canvas |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent line=Theme on canvas=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a minimalist and owns only 100 things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x4:1
# text = My uncle is a minimalist and owns only 100 things.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a minimalist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | present | My uncle *not said here* | 100 things |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minimalist poster had three words and lots of white space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x5:1
# text = The minimalist poster had three words and lots of white space.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the minimalist poster | three words and lots of white space |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We designed minimalist book covers in art.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x6:1
# text = We designed minimalist book covers in art.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	designed	design	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | present | minimalist book |  |  |  |  | in art | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in art=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music was minimalist, repeating the same few notes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x7:1
# text = The music was minimalist, repeating the same few notes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	repeating	repeat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the music | minimalist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **repeat** | gerund | minimalist *not said here* | the same few notes |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minimalist packing means only taking what you need.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minimalist:x8:1
# text = Minimalist packing means only taking what you need.
1	Minimalist	minimalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	packing	packing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	ccomp	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Minimalist packing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **need** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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