---
title: minoan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «minoan» in the school dictionary: To do with the Minoans, an ancient Bronze Age civilisation on the Greek island of Crete, from about 3000 to 1100 BC. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/minoan/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / minoan

# minoan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Minoans, Minoan palace, Minoan frescoes, young people, Nobody, huge volcanic eruption · **What happens:** do, live, have, show, leap, name · **To what, where:** 3000, island, hundreds, dolphins, Minoan civilisation, Minoan writing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«minoan» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [minoan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/minoan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the Minoans, an ancient Bronze Age civilisation on the Greek island of Crete, from about 3000 to 1100 BC.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:m1:1
# text = To do with the Minoans, an ancient Bronze Age civilisation on the Greek island of Crete, from about 3000 to 1100 BC.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Minoans	Minoan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	Bronze	Bronze	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Crete	Crete	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	about	about	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	3000	3000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	1100	1100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nmod	_	_
24	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | 3000 to 1100  BC |  | with the Minoans | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person from that civilisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:m2:1
# text = A person from that civilisation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x1:1
# text = The Minoans lived on the island of Crete.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minoans	Minoan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Crete	Crete	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the Minoans |  |  | the island of Crete |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minoan palace of Knossos had hundreds of rooms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x2:1
# text = The Minoan palace of Knossos had hundreds of rooms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Knossos	Knossos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Minoan palace of Knossos | hundreds of rooms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minoan frescoes show dolphins and young people leaping over bulls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x3:1
# text = Minoan frescoes show dolphins and young people leaping over bulls.
1	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	frescoes	fresco	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Minoan frescoes |  | dolphins and young people |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dolphin=Recipient |
| 2 | **leap** | gerund | young people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over bulls | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over bull=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minoan civilisation is named after the legendary King Minos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x4:1
# text = The Minoan civilisation is named after the legendary King Minos.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	legendary	legendary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Minos	mino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | the Minoan civilisation |  |  | after the legendary King Minos |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody can yet read the Minoan writing called Linear A.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x5:1
# text = Nobody can yet read the Minoan writing called Linear A.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	Linear	Linear	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
10	A.	A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | can | Nobody | the Minoan writing |  |  | yet |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the Minoan writing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge volcanic eruption on Thera hurt Minoan trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x6:1
# text = A huge volcanic eruption on Thera hurt Minoan trade.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Thera	Thera	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | a huge volcanic eruption on Thera | Minoan trade |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trade=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minoan sailors traded with Egypt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x7:1
# text = Minoan sailors traded with Egypt.
1	Minoan	minoan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Minoan sailors |  |  |  |  | with Egypt | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with egypt=Co-Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minoans were one of the first great civilisations in Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minoan:x8:1
# text = The Minoans were one of the first great civilisations in Europe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minoans	Minoan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	civilisations	civilisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Minoans | one |  |  |  | of the first great civilisations in Europe | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [mink](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mink/)
- next →: [minor](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/minor/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)