---
title: minor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «minor» in the school dictionary: Small or not very important; not serious: «a minor injury». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# minor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, minor key, It, Mum, minor accident, shop · **What happens:** not be, sound, study, be, put, not sell · **To what, where:** adult, music, second subject, university, minor cut, plaster

<!-- .vabout -->
«minor» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [minor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/minor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small or not very important; not serious: «a minor injury».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:m1:1
# text = Small or not very important; not serious: «a minor injury».
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In law, a person who is not yet an adult (under 18 in many countries).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:m2:1
# text = In law, a person who is not yet an adult (under 18 in many countries).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	appos	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | a person | a adult |  |  | yet |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In music, a minor key or chord often sounds sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:m3:1
# text = In music, a minor key or chord often sounds sad.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	chord	chord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | a minor key or chord |  |  | music |  | often, sad *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in music=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A second subject studied at university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:m4:1
# text = A second subject studied at university.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | participle |  | a second subject *not said here* |  | university |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was only a minor cut, so Mum put on a plaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x1:1
# text = It was only a minor cut, so Mum put on a plaster.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a minor cut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | past | Mum |  |  | a plaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on plaster=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a minor accident in the car park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x2:1
# text = There was a minor accident in the car park.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a minor accident in the car park |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop cannot sell knives to minors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x3:1
# text = The shop cannot sell knives to minors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	minors	minor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sell** | can | the shop | knives | minors |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent knife=Theme to minor=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This song is in a minor key and sounds sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x4:1
# text = This song is in a minor key and sounds sad.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this song |  |  | a minor key |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | this song *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog is a minor character in the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x5:1
# text = The dog is a minor character in the book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dog | a minor character |  | the book |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a minor problem with the projector.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x6:1
# text = We had a minor problem with the projector.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	projector	projector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a minor problem |  |  |  | with the projector | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most bumps in the playground are minor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x7:1
# text = Most bumps in the playground are minor.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	bumps	bump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Most bumps in the playground |  |  |  |  | minor *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minor punctuation errors (omitted or incorrect punctuation, mismatched quote marks etc.) have been amended without note.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:minor:x8:1
# text = Minor punctuation errors (omitted or incorrect punctuation, mismatched quote marks etc.) have been amended without note.
1	Minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	errors	error	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	omitted	omit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	incorrect	incorrect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	mismatched	mismatch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	quote	quote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	amended	amend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
18	without	without	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **omit** | participle |  | Minor punctuation errors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mismatch** | past | Minor punctuation errors | quote marks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **amend** | present · perfect · passive | Minor punctuation errors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without note | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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