---
title: misappropriation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misappropriation» in the school dictionary: Misappropriation is taking money or property that was trusted to you and using it wrongly for yourself; it is a kind of stealing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misappropriation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Misappropriation, manager, Spending · **What happens:** take, trust, use, be, charge, misappropriate · **To what, where:** money, that, you, Misappropriation, kind, treasurer

<!-- .vabout -->
«misappropriation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misappropriation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/misappropriation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Misappropriation is taking money or property that was trusted to you and using it wrongly for yourself; it is a kind of stealing.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:m1:1
# text = Misappropriation is taking money or property that was trusted to you and using it wrongly for yourself; it is a kind of stealing.
1	Misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	stealing	stealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · progressive | Misappropriation | money or property |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 2 | **trust** | past · passive |  | that | you |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to you=Recipient |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | Misappropriation *not said here* | Misappropriation |  |  |  | for yourself; wrongly *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent it=Theme for yourself=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Misappropriation | a kind |  |  |  | of stealing | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treasurer was charged with misappropriation of funds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x1:1
# text = The treasurer was charged with misappropriation of funds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treasurer	treasurer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	charged	charge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	funds	fund	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | past · passive |  | the treasurer |  |  |  | with misappropriation of funds | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with misappropriation=Theme |
| 2 | **misappropriate** |  |  | funds |  |  |  |  | nom misappropriation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Misappropriation of the charity's money is a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x2:1
# text = Misappropriation of the charity's money is a crime.
1	Misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Misappropriation of the charity's money | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **misappropriate** |  |  | the charity's money |  |  |  |  | nom misappropriation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An audit found misappropriation of 5,000 pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x3:1
# text = An audit found misappropriation of 5,000 pounds.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audit	audit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **misappropriate** |  |  | 5,000 pounds |  |  |  |  | nom misappropriation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The manager denied any misappropriation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x4:1
# text = The manager denied any misappropriation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manager	manager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** | past | the manager | any misappropriation |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent misappropriation=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spending the class fund on your own sweets would be misappropriation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x5:1
# text = Spending the class fund on your own sweets would be misappropriation.
1	Spending	spend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fund	fund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | gerund |  | the class fund |  |  |  | on your own sweets *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent fund=Asset on sweet=Goal |
| 2 | **is a** | would | Spending | misappropriation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of 900 dollars raised, 200 was misappropriated; how much was used properly?

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misappropriation:x6:1
# text = Of 900 dollars raised, 200 was misappropriated; how much was used properly?
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	900	900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	misappropriated	misappropriate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle |  | 900 dollars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **misappropriate** | past · passive |  | 200 |  |  |  | of 900 dollars | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme of dollar=Source |
| 3 | **use** | past · passive |  | much |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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