---
title: miser — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «miser» in the school dictionary: A miser is a person who hoards money and hates to spend it, even when he has plenty. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# miser

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**Who acts:** miser, person, you · **What happens:** be, hoard, hate, spend, have, count · **To what, where:** person, money, plenty, coins, miser, sweets

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«miser» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [miser in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/miser.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A miser is a person who hoards money and hates to spend it, even when he has plenty.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miser:m1:1
# text = A miser is a person who hoards money and hates to spend it, even when he has plenty.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miser	miser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hoards	hoard	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hates	hate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
19	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a miser | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hoard** | present | a person | money |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **hate** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **spend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset |
| 5 | **have** | present | person | plenty |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The miser counted his coins every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miser:x1:1
# text = The miser counted his coins every night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miser	miser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | the miser | miser's coins |  |  | night |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme |
| 2 | **coin** |  | miser |  |  |  |  |  | nom coin «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a miser; share your sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miser:x2:1
# text = Don't be a miser; share your sweets.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	miser	miser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a miser |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **share** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your sweets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The miser hid his gold under the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miser:x3:1
# text = The miser hid his gold under the floor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miser	miser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the miser | miser's gold |  | the floor |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gold=Patient under floor=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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