---
title: misfortune — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misfortune» in the school dictionary: Misfortune is bad luck. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misfortune

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Misfortune, unlucky event, farmer, story, It, bus · **What happens:** be, happen, have, lose, tell, break down · **To what, where:** bad luck, unlucky event, misfortune, crops, flood, another · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«misfortune» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misfortune in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/misfortune.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Misfortune is bad luck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:m1:1
# text = Misfortune is bad luck.
1	Misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Misfortune | bad luck |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A misfortune is an unlucky or bad event that happens to someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:m2:1
# text = A misfortune is an unlucky or bad event that happens to someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a misfortune | a unlucky event |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | present | a unlucky event |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer had the misfortune of losing his crops in a flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x1:1
# text = The farmer had the misfortune of losing his crops in a flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the farmer | the misfortune |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund | the misfortune *not said here* | farmer's crops |  | a flood |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story tells of a boy's many misfortunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x2:1
# text = The story tells of a boy's many misfortunes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the story |  |  |  |  | of a boy's many misfortunes | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a misfortune that the bus broke down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x3:1
# text = It was a misfortune that the bus broke down.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a misfortune |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break down** | past | the bus | a misfortune *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't laugh at other people's misfortune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x4:1
# text = Don't laugh at other people's misfortune.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **laugh** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | other people's misfortune |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She bore her misfortune bravely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x5:1
# text = She bore her misfortune bravely.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past | She | her misfortune |  |  |  | bravely *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One misfortune followed another on the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x6:1
# text = One misfortune followed another on the trip.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | One misfortune | another |  | the trip |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent another=Theme on trip=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learn from the misfortunes of others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misfortune:x7:1
# text = Learn from the misfortunes of others.
1	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the misfortunes of others |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from misfortune=Source |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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