---
title: mislead — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mislead» in the school dictionary: To make someone believe something that is not true, by telling them wrong or unclear things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mislead/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / mislead

# mislead

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, advert, toy, sign, we, graph · **What happens:** make, believe, not be, tell, lead, do · **To what, where:** someone, something, wrong things, them, wrong direction, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mislead» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mislead in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mislead.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make someone believe something that is not true, by telling them wrong or unclear things.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:m1:1
# text = To make someone believe something that is not true, by telling them wrong or unclear things.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 2 | **believe** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* | wrong things | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient thing=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lead someone in the wrong direction or into doing something wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:m2:1
# text = To lead someone in the wrong direction or into doing something wrong.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lead	lead	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  | the wrong direction |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent someone=Theme in direction=Destination |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The advert misled people into thinking the toy could fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x1:1
# text = The advert misled people into thinking the toy could fly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	misled	mislead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mislead** | past | the advert | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the advert *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | could | the toy |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't mislead your friends with made-up stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x2:1
# text = Don't mislead your friends with made-up stories.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	mislead	mislead	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
10	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mislead** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your friends |  |  |  | with made stories | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 2 | **make up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign misled us, and we took the wrong road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x3:1
# text = The sign misled us, and we took the wrong road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	misled	mislead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mislead** | past | the sign | us |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | past | we | the wrong road |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A graph that does not start at zero can mislead you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x4:1
# text = A graph that does not start at zero can mislead you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	zero	zero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	mislead	mislead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **start** | present · do-support | a graph |  |  | zero |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mislead** | can | a graph | you |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He misled the teacher about his homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x5:1
# text = He misled the teacher about his homework.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	misled	mislead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mislead** | past | He | the teacher |  |  |  | about teacher's homework | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fake news is written to mislead people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mislead:x6:1
# text = Fake news is written to mislead people.
1	Fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	mislead	mislead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Fake news |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mislead** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [mislaid](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mislaid/)
- next →: [misleading](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/misleading/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)