---
title: misquote — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misquote» in the school dictionary: To repeat someone's words wrongly, either by mistake or on purpose to change their meaning. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misquote

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, mistake, newspaper, you, politician, She · **What happens:** repeat, change, word, mean, misquote, play · **To what, where:** words, meaning, head teacher, it, famous misquote, film · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«misquote» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misquote in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/misquote.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To repeat someone's words wrongly, either by mistake or on purpose to change their meaning.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:m1:1
# text = To repeat someone's words wrongly, either by mistake or on purpose to change their meaning.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	repeat	repeat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc:preconj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | to-infinitive |  | someone's words |  |  |  | by mistake or purpose; wrongly *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | mistake's meaning |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |
| 3 | **word** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **mean** |  | mistake |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wrong quotation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:m2:1
# text = A wrong quotation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	quotation	quotation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper misquoted the head teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x1:1
# text = The newspaper misquoted the head teacher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	misquoted	misquote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misquote** | past | the newspaper | the head teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Play it again, Sam» is a famous misquote from the film «Casablanca».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x2:1
# text = «Play it again, Sam» is a famous misquote from the film «Casablanca».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	misquote	misquote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Casablanca	Casablanca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | it |  |  | again | Sam *obl* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a famous misquote |  | the film |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always check the original before you quote, so you don't misquote.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x3:1
# text = Always check the original before you quote, so you don't misquote.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	original	original	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	quote	quote	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	misquote	misquote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the original |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent original=Theme |
| 2 | **quote** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **misquote** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The politician said he had been misquoted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x4:1
# text = The politician said he had been misquoted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	misquoted	misquote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the politician |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **misquote** | past · perfect · passive |  | politician |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She misquoted the poem, mixing up two lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x5:1
# text = She misquoted the poem, mixing up two lines.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	misquoted	misquote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	mixing	mix	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misquote** | past | She | the poem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mix up** | gerund | She *not said here* | two lines |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Misquoting someone can change what they meant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x6:1
# text = Misquoting someone can change what they meant.
1	Misquoting	misquote	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misquote** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | can | Misquoting |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Elementary, my dear Watson» is a misquote of the Holmes books.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x7:1
# text = «Elementary, my dear Watson» is a misquote of the Holmes books.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Elementary	elementary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Watson	Watson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	misquote	misquote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a misquote |  |  |  | of the Holmes books | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film poster misquoted a review to make it sound better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misquote:x8:1
# text = The film poster misquoted a review to make it sound better.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	misquoted	misquote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	review	review	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misquote** | past | the film poster | a review |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the film poster *not said here* | review |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sound** | infinitive | review *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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