---
title: misrepresentation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misrepresentation» in the school dictionary: Giving a false or twisted picture of something, so people believe what is not true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misrepresentation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, false statement, story, advert, toy, teacher · **What happens:** give, believe, not be, trick, show, be · **To what, where:** someone, deal, something, misrepresentation, graph, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«misrepresentation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misrepresentation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/misrepresentation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giving a false or twisted picture of something, so people believe what is not true.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:m1:1
# text = Giving a false or twisted picture of something, so people believe what is not true.
1	Giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	twisted	twisted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **believe** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A false statement that tricks someone into a deal or a contract.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:m2:1
# text = A false statement that tricks someone into a deal or a contract.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	tricks	trick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present | a false statement | someone |  |  |  | into a deal or a contract *result* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Patient into deal=Result |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drawing, chart or story that shows something wrongly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:m3:1
# text = A drawing, chart or story that shows something wrongly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	chart	chart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | story | something |  |  |  | wrongly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The advert was a misrepresentation; the toy was much smaller.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x1:1
# text = The advert was a misrepresentation; the toy was much smaller.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the advert | a misrepresentation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the toy | a misrepresentation *not said here* |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher showed us a graph that was a misrepresentation of the data.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x2:1
# text = Our teacher showed us a graph that was a misrepresentation of the data.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our teacher | a graph and a misrepresentation | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient graph=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | past | that | a misrepresentation |  |  |  | of the data | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling the match a disaster is a misrepresentation; we only lost by one goal.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x3:1
# text = Calling the match a disaster is a misrepresentation; we only lost by one goal.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	disaster	disaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | the match |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent match=Theme disaster=Result |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Calling | a misrepresentation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | participle | we | a misrepresentation *not said here* |  |  |  | by one goal | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misrepresentation=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company was fined for misrepresentation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x4:1
# text = The company was fined for misrepresentation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fined	fine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fine** | past · passive |  | the company |  |  |  | for misrepresentation | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That film is a misrepresentation of how Vikings lived.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x5:1
# text = That film is a misrepresentation of how Vikings lived.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that film | a misrepresentation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | Vikings |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is misrepresentation to say everyone agreed when only three did.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misrepresentation:x6:1
# text = It is misrepresentation to say everyone agreed when only three did.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
7	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | misrepresentation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | past | three |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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