---
title: misspoke — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misspoke» in the school dictionary: said something untrue or wrong — often to avoid admitting a lie. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misspoke

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**Who acts:** accident, minister, I, News, he, Chat · **What happens:** say, avoid, admit, word, misspeak, mean · **To what, where:** something, lie, wrong word, Chat, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«misspoke» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misspoke in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/misspoke.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism, official — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
said something untrue or wrong — often to avoid admitting a lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:m1:1
# text = said something untrue or wrong — often to avoid admitting a lie.
1	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
10	admitting	admit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **admit** *speech: other* | gerund |  | a lie |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
said the wrong word by accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:m2:1
# text = said the wrong word by accident.
1	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the wrong word |  |  |  | by accident | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **word** |  | accident |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minister said she misspoke about the numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:x1:1
# text = The minister said she misspoke about the numbers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	misspoke	misspeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the minister |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **misspeak** | past | minister |  |  |  |  | about the numbers | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry, I misspoke — I meant Tuesday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:x2:1
# text = Sorry, I misspoke — I meant Tuesday.
1	Sorry	sorry	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	misspoke	misspeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	Tuesday	Tuesday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misspeak** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | past | I |  |  |  | tuesday |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
News: The spokesman later said he had misspoken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:x3:1
# text = News: The spokesman later said he had misspoken.
1	News	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spokesman	spokesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	misspoken	misspeak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | News and the spokesman |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **misspeak** | past · perfect | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chat: «misspoke» = got caught

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:x4:1
# text = Chat: «misspoke» = got caught
1	Chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	misspoke	misspeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	4	punct	_	_
7	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misspeak** *in a quote* | past | Chat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past · passive |  | Chat |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher misspoke and called me by my sister's name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:misspoke:x5:1
# text = The teacher misspoke and called me by my sister's name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	misspoke	misspeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **misspeak** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | past | the teacher *not said here* |  | me |  |  | by my sister's name | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 3 | **name** |  | my sister |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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