---
title: modal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «modal» in the school dictionary: A modal, or modal verb, is a helping verb such as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will or would, which shows how sure, possible, allowed or necessary something is. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# modal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** modal modal verb, something, Modal, modal value, one, modal window · **What happens:** be, show, allow, mean, do, appear · **To what, where:** helping verb, one, set, box, screen, musical modes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«modal» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [modal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/modal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A modal, or modal verb, is a helping verb such as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will or would, which shows how sure, possible, allowed or necessary something is.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:m1:1
# text = A modal, or modal verb, is a helping verb such as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will or would, which shows how sure, possible, allowed or necessary something is.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	helping	helping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
22	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
28	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
33	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
34	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
35	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
40	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	conj	_	_
42	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	43	nsubj	_	_
43	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a modal modal verb | a helping verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **allow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 4 | **be** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modal means to do with the mode: the modal value is the one that appears most often in a set of data.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:m2:1
# text = Modal means to do with the mode: the modal value is the one that appears most often in a set of data.
1	Modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	18	advmod	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Modal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the mode | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the modal value | the one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **appear** | present | the one |  |  | a set of data |  | often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in set=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A modal or modal window is a box that pops up on a screen and must be closed before you can go on.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:m3:1
# text = A modal or modal window is a box that pops up on a screen and must be closed before you can go on.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pops	pop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
19	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
23	on	on	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a modal window | a box |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pop up** | present | a box |  |  | a screen |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on screen=Location |
| 3 | **close** | must · passive | a box *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 4 | **go on** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modal means using musical modes, kinds of scale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:m4:1
# text = Modal means using musical modes, kinds of scale.
1	Modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	modes	mode	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Modal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** *not said to happen* | gerund | Modal *not said here* | musical modes and kinds of scale |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mode=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Must», «should» and «might» are modal verbs.

<!-- fold The tree, 7 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x1:1
# text = «Must», «should» and «might» are modal verbs.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | should |  | modal verbs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «I can swim», «can» is a modal verb.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x2:1
# text = In «I can swim», «can» is a modal verb.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** *in a quote* | can | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a modal verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The modal shoe size in our class is 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x3:1
# text = The modal shoe size in our class is 3.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the modal shoe size in our class | 3 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the modal colour from the tally chart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x4:1
# text = Find the modal colour from the tally chart.
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tally	tally	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	chart	chart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* | the modal colour |  | the tally chart |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent colour=Theme from chart=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close the modal window to go back to the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x5:1
# text = Close the modal window to go back to the game.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | the modal window |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |
| 2 | **go back** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the game *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to game=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modal verbs show how sure we are about something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modal:x6:1
# text = Modal verbs show how sure we are about something.
1	Modal	modal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Modal verbs |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | we |  |  |  |  | about something | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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