---
title: modern — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «modern» in the school dictionary: Of the present time or recent times, not old. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# modern

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** school, Modern phones, cars, modern life, We, museum · **What happens:** use, have, take, be, study, think · **To what, where:** newest ideas, modern science lab, amazing photos, modern languages, paintings, Swift · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«modern» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [modern in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/modern.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the present time or recent times, not old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:m1:1
# text = Of the present time or recent times, not old.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using the newest ideas, styles or machines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:m2:1
# text = Using the newest ideas, styles or machines.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	newest	new	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
4	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	styles	style	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | the newest ideas and styles or machines |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the period of history after the Middle Ages up to now (modern history).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:m3:1
# text = Of the period of history after the Middle Ages up to now (modern history).
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has a modern science lab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x1:1
# text = Our school has a modern science lab.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lab	lab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a modern science lab |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lab=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modern phones can take amazing photos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x2:1
# text = Modern phones can take amazing photos.
1	Modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | can | Modern phones | amazing photos |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ancient times there were no cars; modern life is very different.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x3:1
# text = In ancient times there were no cars; modern life is very different.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no cars |  |  | there | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | modern life |  |  |  |  | different *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We study modern languages like French and German.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x4:1
# text = We study modern languages like French and German.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | We | modern languages |  |  |  | like French | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has paintings of modern art.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x5:1
# text = The museum has paintings of modern art.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	paintings	painting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | paintings of modern art |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent painting=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma thinks modern music is too loud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x6:1
# text = Grandma thinks modern music is too loud.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | modern music |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurs in Swift and in modern Italian folk-lore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modern:x7:1
# text = It occurs in Swift and in modern Italian folk-lore.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Swift	Swift	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	lore	lore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | It |  |  | Swift and modern Italian folk lore |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in swift=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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