---
title: modernised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «modernised» in the school dictionary: Made modern; changed with new equipment, methods or ideas so it is up to date: «a modernised kitchen». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# modernised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, Past form, They, Japan, modernised kitchen, farm · **What happens:** make, change, be, modernis, modernise, have · **To what, where:** old school, station, school library, late 1800s, induction hob, old fairy tale · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«modernised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [modernised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/modernised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made modern; changed with new equipment, methods or ideas so it is up to date: «a modernised kitchen».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:m1:1
# text = Made modern; changed with new equipment, methods or ideas so it is up to date: «a modernised kitchen».
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	methods	method	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | modern *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **change** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with new equipment and methods or ideas | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | up date | tree rules |
| 4 | **modernis** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, past — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of «modernise»: «They modernised the old school».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:m2:1
# text = Past form of «modernise»: «They modernised the old school».
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	modernise	modernise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernise** *in a quote* | infinitive | Past form |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **modernis** *in a quote* | past | They | the old school |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The station was modernised with lifts and new screens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x1:1
# text = The station was modernised with lifts and new screens.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lifts	lift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | past · passive |  | the station |  |  |  | with lifts and new screens | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school library has been modernised.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x2:1
# text = Our school library has been modernised.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | present · perfect · passive |  | Our school library |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan modernised quickly in the late 1800s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x3:1
# text = Japan modernised quickly in the late 1800s.
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | past | Japan |  |  | the late 1800s |  | quickly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's modernised kitchen has an induction hob.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x4:1
# text = Grandma's modernised kitchen has an induction hob.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	induction	induction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	hob	hob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | Grandma's modernised kitchen | a induction hob |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hob=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old fairy tale was modernised for the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x5:1
# text = The old fairy tale was modernised for the film.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | past · passive |  | the old fairy tale |  |  |  | for the film | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hospital was modernised last year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x6:1
# text = The hospital was modernised last year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | past · passive |  | the hospital |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm modernised its machines to save time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x7:1
# text = The farm modernised its machines to save time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | past | the farm | farm's machines |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | the farm *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The modernised version of the song uses electric guitars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x8:1
# text = The modernised version of the song uses electric guitars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	guitars	guitar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modernis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | the modernised version of the song | electric guitars |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guitar=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have selected the incidents and modernised the spelling; otherwise the droll remains as it was told in Elizabethan times.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modernised:x9:1
# text = I have selected the incidents and modernised the spelling; otherwise the droll remains as it was told in Elizabethan times.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	selected	select	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incidents	incident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	droll	droll	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Elizabethan	Elizabethan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | present · perfect | I | the incidents |  |  |  | the droll remains *obl* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incident=Theme |
| 2 | **modernis** | past | I *not said here* | the spelling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | spelling |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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