---
title: modified — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «modified» in the school dictionary: Changed a little, usually to make it better or to suit a new purpose. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# modified

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** genes, word, adjective, scientists, bridge, This · **What happens:** change, make, suit, modify, have, describe · **To what, where:** little, it, new purpose, GM, genes, word

<!-- .vabout -->
«modified» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [modified in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/modified.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changed a little, usually to make it better or to suit a new purpose.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:m1:1
# text = Changed a little, usually to make it better or to suit a new purpose.
1	Changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	suit	suit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past |  | a little |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | good, usually *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **suit** | to-infinitive |  | a new purpose |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Genetically modified (GM): having its genes changed by scientists.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:m2:1
# text = Genetically modified (GM): having its genes changed by scientists.
1	Genetically	genetically	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	GM	GM	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	genes	gene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | participle |  | GM |  |  |  | genetically *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gm=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | its genes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **change** | participle | its genes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A word is modified when another word describes or limits it, as an adjective does a noun.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:m3:1
# text = A word is modified when another word describes or limits it, as an adjective does a noun.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	limits	limit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | present · passive |  | a word |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **describe** | present | another word |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **limit** | present | another word *not said here* | word |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Patient |
| 4 | **do** | present | a adjective | a noun |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent noun=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientists modified the design so the bridge was stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x1:1
# text = The scientists modified the design so the bridge was stronger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	modified	modify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | past | the scientists | the design |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent design=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the bridge |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a modified version of the game with easier levels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x2:1
# text = This is a modified version of the game with easier levels.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	modified	modified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	levels	level	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a modified version |  |  |  | of the game with easier levels | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some crops are genetically modified to resist insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x3:1
# text = Some crops are genetically modified to resist insects.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	genetically	genetically	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | present · passive |  | some crops |  |  |  | genetically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  | insects |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We modified our paper plane and it flew twice as far.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x4:1
# text = We modified our paper plane and it flew twice as far.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	modified	modify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | past | We | our paper plane |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent plane=Patient |
| 2 | **fly** | past | plane |  |  |  |  | far, twice *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the phrase red apple, the noun apple is modified by red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x5:1
# text = In the phrase red apple, the noun apple is modified by red.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | present · passive |  | the noun apple |  | the phrase red apple |  | by red | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rules were modified after the accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:modified:x6:1
# text = The rules were modified after the accident.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | past · passive |  | the rules |  |  | after the accident |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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