---
title: moisturise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «moisturise» in the school dictionary: To put cream or lotion on your skin so that it stays soft and does not get dry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# moisturise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skin, Mum, I, nurse, Dad, shampoo · **What happens:** put, stay, not get, make, add, tell · **To what, where:** cream, skin, something, little water, oil, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«moisturise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [moisturise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/moisturise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To put cream or lotion on your skin so that it stays soft and does not get dry.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:m1:1
# text = To put cream or lotion on your skin so that it stays soft and does not get dry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lotion	lotion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
18	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | to-infinitive | skin *not said here* | cream or lotion |  | your skin |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme on skin=Destination |
| 2 | **stay** | present | skin |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something less dry by adding a little water or oil to it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:m2:1
# text = To make something less dry by adding a little water or oil to it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | a little water or oil | oil |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient to it=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum told me to moisturise my hands after washing up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x1:1
# text = Mum told me to moisturise my hands after washing up.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	moisturise	moisturise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	washing	wash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Mum |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **moisturise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* | my hands |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wash up** | gerund | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter my skin gets so dry that I have to moisturise every night.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x2:1
# text = In winter my skin gets so dry that I have to moisturise every night.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	moisturise	moisturise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | my skin |  |  |  | winter | dry *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **moisturise** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse said to moisturise the eczema patches twice a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x3:1
# text = The nurse said to moisturise the eczema patches twice a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	moisturise	moisturise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	eczema	eczema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the nurse |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **moisturise** | to-infinitive | the nurse *not said here* | the eczema patches |  |  | day | twice *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad never moisturises, and his lips get cracked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x4:1
# text = Dad never moisturises, and his lips get cracked.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	moisturises	moisturis	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **moisturis** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crack** | present · passive |  | Dad's lips |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This shampoo claims to moisturise your hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x5:1
# text = This shampoo claims to moisturise your hair.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	claims	claim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	moisturise	moisturise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | this shampoo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **moisturise** | to-infinitive | this shampoo *not said here* | your hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After swimming in chlorine, Grandma always moisturises her face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x6:1
# text = After swimming in chlorine, Grandma always moisturises her face.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	chlorine	chlorine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
8	moisturises	moisturis	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | gerund |  |  |  | chlorine and Grandma |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in chlorine=Trajectory |
| 2 | **moisturis** | present |  | her face |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moisturising cream feels cold when you first put it on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:moisturise:x7:1
# text = Moisturising cream feels cold when you first put it on.
1	Moisturising	moisturis	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	advmod	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **moisturis** | gerund |  | cream |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | present | Moisturising |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **put on** | past | you | cream |  |  |  | first *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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