---
title: molecular — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «molecular» in the school dictionary: To do with molecules: the tiny groups of atoms joined together that make up substances. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# molecular

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** atoms, We, Molecular biology, molecular structure, Scientists, chef · **What happens:** do, join, make up, happen, build, model · **To what, where:** atoms, substances, level, molecular model, water, DNA

<!-- .vabout -->
«molecular» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [molecular in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/molecular.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with molecules: the tiny groups of atoms joined together that make up substances.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:m1:1
# text = To do with molecules: the tiny groups of atoms joined together that make up substances.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	molecules	molecule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	atoms	atom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with molecules and the tiny groups of atoms | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **join** | participle |  | atoms *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make up** | present | atoms | substances |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme substance=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening at the level of molecules: «molecular biology», «a molecular model».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:m2:1
# text = Happening at the level of molecules: «molecular biology», «a molecular model».
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	molecules	molecule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  | the level of molecules |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at level=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a molecular model of water with balls and sticks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x1:1
# text = We built a molecular model of water with balls and sticks.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a molecular model of water |  |  |  | with balls and sticks | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent model=Theme with ball=Source |
| 2 | **model** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Molecular biology studies DNA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x2:1
# text = Molecular biology studies DNA.
1	Molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Molecular biology | DNA |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The molecular structure of diamond makes it very hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x3:1
# text = The molecular structure of diamond makes it very hard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	diamond	diamond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the molecular structure of diamond | diamond |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists use molecular tests to find viruses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x4:1
# text = Scientists use molecular tests to find viruses.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Scientists | molecular tests |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* | viruses |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chef makes «caviar» from juice with molecular cooking tricks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x5:1
# text = The chef makes «caviar» from juice with molecular cooking tricks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	caviar	caviar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the chef | caviar |  | juice with molecular cooking tricks |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset caviar=Product from juice=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice and water have the same molecules but a different molecular arrangement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x6:1
# text = Ice and water have the same molecules but a different molecular arrangement.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	molecules	molecule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ice and water | the same molecules but a different molecular arrangement |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent molecule=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Molecular scientists study very, very tiny things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x7:1
# text = Molecular scientists study very, very tiny things.
1	Molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Molecular scientists | tiny things |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO₂.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:molecular:x8:1
# text = The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO₂.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	molecular	molecular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	formula	formula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	CO	CO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	₂	₂	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the molecular formula of carbon dioxide | CO ₂ |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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