---
title: monk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monk» in the school dictionary: A monk is a man who has given his life to God and lives in a religious community called a monastery, following rules of prayer, work and simple living. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** monk, man, religious community, prayer, Buddhist monks, monks · **What happens:** be, give, live, call, follow, rule · **To what, where:** man, life, God, religious community, monastery, similar life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«monk» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monk is a man who has given his life to God and lives in a religious community called a monastery, following rules of prayer, work and simple living.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:m1:1
# text = A monk is a man who has given his life to God and lives in a religious community called a monastery, following rules of prayer, work and simple living.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	monastery	monastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	amod	_	_
24	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a monk | a man and following rules of prayer and work and simple living |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present · perfect | a man and following rules of prayer and work and simple living | monk's life | God |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent life=Theme to god=Recipient |
| 3 | **live** | present | a man and following rules of prayer and work and simple living *not said here* |  |  | a religious community |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in community=Location |
| 4 | **call** | participle | a religious community *not said here* | a monastery |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent monastery=Recipient |
| 5 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **rule** |  | prayer and work and simple living |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhist monks and monks in other religions live a similar life of prayer, study and meditation.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:m2:1
# text = Buddhist monks and monks in other religions live a similar life of prayer, study and meditation.
1	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Buddhist monks in other religions and monks | a similar life of prayer and study and meditation |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks prayed together seven times a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x1:1
# text = The monks prayed together seven times a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past | the monks |  |  |  | time | together *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, monks copied the Bible by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x2:1
# text = Long ago, monks copied the Bible by hand.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | monks | the Bible |  |  |  | by hand; ago *property* | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bible=Theme by hand=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Buddhist monk taught us how to meditate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x3:1
# text = A Buddhist monk taught us how to meditate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	meditate	meditate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | a Buddhist monk |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **meditate** | to-infinitive | a Buddhist monk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings attacked the monks at Lindisfarne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x4:1
# text = The Vikings attacked the monks at Lindisfarne.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Lindisfarne	Lindisfarne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | the Vikings | the monks |  | Lindisfarne |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monk=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks grew herbs to make medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x5:1
# text = Monks grew herbs to make medicine.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Monks | herbs |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location herb=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Monks *not said here* | medicine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset medicine=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monk wore a brown robe tied with a cord.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x6:1
# text = The monk wore a brown robe tied with a cord.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the monk | a brown robe |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme |
| 2 | **tie** | participle |  | a brown robe *not said here* |  |  |  | with a cord | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient with cord=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friar Tuck was a monk-like friar in the Robin Hood stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x7:1
# text = Friar Tuck was a monk-like friar in the Robin Hood stories.
1	Friar	Friar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	Tuck	Tuck	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	friar	friar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	Robin	Robin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Hood	Hood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Friar | a like friar |  | the Hood stories |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man is told in a vision to kill a monk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monk:x8:1
# text = A man is told in a vision to kill a monk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | a man |  | a vision |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a man *not said here* | a monk |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monk=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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