---
title: monochrome — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monochrome» in the school dictionary: Using only one colour or shades of one colour, especially black, white and grey. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monochrome

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Old photos, we, first TV, She, rainy town, monochrome printer · **What happens:** use, shade, be, make, shoot, look · **To what, where:** one colour, monochrome, monochrome painting, shades, film, stylish monochrome outfit

<!-- .vabout -->
«monochrome» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monochrome in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monochrome.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using only one colour or shades of one colour, especially black, white and grey.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:m1:1
# text = Using only one colour or shades of one colour, especially black, white and grey.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | one colour or shades of one colour |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **shade** |  |  | one colour |  |  |  |  | nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A picture, photo or screen in black and white or in one colour.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:m2:1
# text = A picture, photo or screen in black and white or in one colour.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dull and without variety, as in "a monochrome town".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:m3:1
# text = Dull and without variety, as in "a monochrome town".
1	Dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old photos are often monochrome, black and white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x1:1
# text = Old photos are often monochrome, black and white.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Old photos | monochrome |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For art we made a monochrome painting using only shades of blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x2:1
# text = For art we made a monochrome painting using only shades of blue.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | we | a monochrome painting |  |  |  | for art | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent painting=Product for art=Asset |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | we *not said here* | shades of blue |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shade=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's first TV was monochrome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x3:1
# text = Grandad's first TV was monochrome.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Grandad's first TV | monochrome |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film was shot in monochrome to look old-fashioned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x4:1
# text = The film was shot in monochrome to look old-fashioned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shot	shoot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | past · passive |  | the film |  | monochrome |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in monochrome=Destination |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | fashioned *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a stylish monochrome outfit, all black.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x5:1
# text = She wore a stylish monochrome outfit, all black.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	stylish	stylish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	outfit	outfit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a stylish monochrome outfit |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent outfit=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rainy town looked monochrome and sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x6:1
# text = The rainy town looked monochrome and sad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the rainy town | monochrome |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme monochrome=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monochrome printer prints only in black.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monochrome:x7:1
# text = A monochrome printer prints only in black.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	monochrome	monochrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prints	print	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | present | a monochrome printer |  |  | black |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in black=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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