---
title: monopoly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monopoly» in the school dictionary: Complete control of a product or service by one company or person, so that nobody else sells it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monopoly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nobody, players, You, We, I, One company · **What happens:** sell, buy, have, not have, play, land · **To what, where:** person, streets, something, yourself, monopoly, swing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«monopoly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monopoly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monopoly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Complete control of a product or service by one company or person, so that nobody else sells it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:m1:1
# text = Complete control of a product or service by one company or person, so that nobody else sells it.
1	Complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	18	nsubj	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | nobody | person |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Monopoly — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A board game where players buy streets and houses with toy money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:m2:1
# text = A board game where players buy streets and houses with toy money.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
5	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	buy	buy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | players | streets and houses |  |  |  | with toy money | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a monopoly on — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having something all to yourself: «You don't have a monopoly on the swing!».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:m3:1
# text = Having something all to yourself: «You don't have a monopoly on the swing!».
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | something | yourself |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **have** *in a quote* | present · do-support | You | a monopoly |  | the swing |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monopoly=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played Monopoly all afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x1:1
# text = We played Monopoly all afternoon.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Monopoly	Monopoly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | Monopoly |  |  | afternoon |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monopoly=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I landed on my brother's hotel and had to pay rent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x2:1
# text = I landed on my brother's hotel and had to pay rent.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	rent	rent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | I |  |  | my brother's hotel |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on hotel=Destination |
| 2 | **have** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | rent |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rent=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One company had a monopoly on the town's water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x3:1
# text = One company had a monopoly on the town's water.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | One company | a monopoly |  | the town's water |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monopoly=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody has a monopoly on good ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x4:1
# text = Nobody has a monopoly on good ideas.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Nobody | a monopoly |  | good ideas |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monopoly=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monopoly money is not real money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x5:1
# text = Monopoly money is not real money.
1	Monopoly	Monopoly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Monopoly money | real money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monopoly can make prices go up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monopoly:x6:1
# text = A monopoly can make prices go up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | a monopoly | prices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | infinitive | prices *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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