---
title: monotonous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monotonous» in the school dictionary: Monotonous means dull and boring because it never changes, the same sound or the same thing over and over. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monotonous

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**Who acts:** Monotonous, it, rain, Counting, Life · **What happens:** mean, not change, make, count, be · **To what, where:** same sound, monotonous sound, roof, same thing

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«monotonous» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monotonous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monotonous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monotonous means dull and boring because it never changes, the same sound or the same thing over and over.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monotonous:m1:1
# text = Monotonous means dull and boring because it never changes, the same sound or the same thing over and over.
1	Monotonous	monotonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	over	over	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	over	over	ADV	RB	_	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Monotonous |  |  |  |  | dull *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **change** | present | it | the same sound or the same thing |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain made a monotonous sound on the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monotonous:x1:1
# text = The rain made a monotonous sound on the roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	monotonous	monotonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the rain | a monotonous sound |  | the roof |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counting the same thing over and over is monotonous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monotonous:x2:1
# text = Counting the same thing over and over is monotonous.
1	Counting	count	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	monotonous	monotonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | gerund |  | the same thing |  |  |  | over *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Counting |  |  |  |  | monotonous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Life in the castle was monotonous, with the same chores every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monotonous:x3:1
# text = Life in the castle was monotonous, with the same chores every day.
1	Life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	monotonous	monotonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	chores	chore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Life in the castle |  |  |  | day | with the same chores; monotonous *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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