---
title: monster — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monster» in the school dictionary: A monster is a big, scary, made-up creature in stories, films and games. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monster

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** monster, Children, monsters, We, baby brother, people · **What happens:** make up, be, mean, call, have, crash · **To what, where:** big scary made creature, stories, cruel person, something, naughty child, three eyes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«monster» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monster in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monster.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monster is a big, scary, made-up creature in stories, films and games.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:m1:1
# text = A monster is a big, scary, made-up creature in stories, films and games.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	scary	scary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
12	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a monster | a big scary made creature |  | stories and films and games |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monster can be a very cruel or wicked person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:m2:1
# text = A monster can be a very cruel or wicked person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a monster | a cruel person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monster can mean something enormous, like a monster wave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:m3:1
# text = A monster can mean something enormous, like a monster wave.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a monster | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children sometimes call a naughty child a «little monster» as a joke.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:m4:1
# text = Children sometimes call a naughty child a «little monster» as a joke.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Children |  | a naughty child |  |  | as a joke; sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent child=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monster in the story had three eyes and green fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x1:1
# text = The monster in the story had three eyes and green fur.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the monster in the story | three eyes and green fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are no monsters under your bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x2:1
# text = There are no monsters under your bed.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | no monsters under your bed |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monster wave crashed over the harbour wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x3:1
# text = A monster wave crashed over the harbour wall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	crashed	crash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | participle |  | a monster wave *not said here* |  | the harbour wall |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wall=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We dressed up as monsters for Halloween.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x4:1
# text = We dressed up as monsters for Halloween.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress up** | past | We |  |  |  |  | as monsters for Halloween | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My baby brother is a little monster at bath time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x5:1
# text = My baby brother is a little monster at bath time.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My baby brother | a little monster |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people say there is a monster in Loch Ness, but nobody has ever proved it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x6:1
# text = Some people say there is a monster in Loch Ness, but nobody has ever proved it.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Loch	Loch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Ness	ness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	16	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	_
16	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | some people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | a monster in Loch Ness |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **prove** | present · perfect | nobody | monster |  |  | ever |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant pumpkin was a monster!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x7:1
# text = The giant pumpkin was a monster!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the giant pumpkin | a monster |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cruel king was a monster to his people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x8:1
# text = The cruel king was a monster to his people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the cruel king | a monster |  |  |  | to king's people | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monster soon came in, saying:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monster:x9:1
# text = The monster soon came in, saying:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come in** | past | the monster |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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