---
title: monstrous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «monstrous» in the school dictionary: Very large and frightening, like a monster: «a monstrous wave». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# monstrous

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**Who acts:** It, Alice, giant, ogre, cruelty · **What happens:** crash, be, grow, have, build, range · **To what, where:** monstrous wave, boat, monstrous lie, little house, monstrous hands, monstrous wall

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«monstrous» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [monstrous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/monstrous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very large and frightening, like a monster: «a monstrous wave».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:m1:1
# text = Very large and frightening, like a monster: «a monstrous wave».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	frightening	frightening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very wrong, cruel or shocking: «a monstrous lie».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:m2:1
# text = Very wrong, cruel or shocking: «a monstrous lie».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shocking	shocking	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ugly and strange in shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:m3:1
# text = Ugly and strange in shape.
1	Ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monstrous wave crashed over the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x1:1
# text = A monstrous wave crashed over the boat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	crashed	crash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | participle |  | a monstrous wave *not said here* |  | the boat |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over boat=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a monstrous lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x2:1
# text = It was a monstrous lie.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a monstrous lie |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice grew to a monstrous size in the little house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x3:1
# text = Alice grew to a monstrous size in the little house.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Alice |  |  | the little house |  | to a monstrous size | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant had monstrous hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x4:1
# text = The giant had monstrous hands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the giant | monstrous hands |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ogre built a monstrous wall round his castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x5:1
# text = The ogre built a monstrous wall round his castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ogre	ogre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the ogre | a monstrous wall |  |  |  | round ogre's castle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cruelty of the slave trade was monstrous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x6:1
# text = The cruelty of the slave trade was monstrous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cruelty of the slave trade |  |  |  |  | monstrous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild and shy and monstrous creatures ranged in her plains and forests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:monstrous:x7:1
# text = Wild and shy and monstrous creatures ranged in her plains and forests.
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	ranged	range	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **range** | participle |  | Wild creatures *not said here* |  | her plains and forests |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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