---
title: motion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «motion» in the school dictionary: Movement; the act of moving. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# motion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, group, train, you, bus, We · **What happens:** move, give, vote, be, not stand up, watch · **To what, where:** sign, someone, formal suggestion, meeting, motion, goal

<!-- .vabout -->
«motion» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [motion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/motion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Movement; the act of moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:m1:1
# text = Movement; the act of moving.
1	Movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single movement, especially of the hand or body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:m2:1
# text = A single movement, especially of the hand or body.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give someone a sign with your hand or head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:m3:1
# text = To give someone a sign with your hand or head.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a sign | someone |  |  | with your hand or head | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient sign=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A formal suggestion that a group votes on at a meeting or debate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:m4:1
# text = A formal suggestion that a group votes on at a meeting or debate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	votes	vote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | present | a group | a formal suggestion |  | a meeting or debate |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train was already in motion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x1:1
# text = The train was already in motion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the train |  |  | motion |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not stand up while the bus is in motion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x2:1
# text = Do not stand up while the bus is in motion.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand up** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the bus |  |  | motion |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the goal again in slow motion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x3:1
# text = We watched the goal again in slow motion.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | the goal |  | slow motion | again |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She motioned for us to sit down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x4:1
# text = She motioned for us to sit down.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	motioned	motion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **motion** | past | She |  |  |  |  | for us | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit down** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A force can change an object's motion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x5:1
# text = A force can change an object's motion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | can | a force | a object's motion |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motion=Patient |
| 2 | **motion** |  | a object |  |  |  |  |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light came on because of a motion sensor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x6:1
# text = The light came on because of a motion sensor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sensor	sensor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | past | the light |  |  |  |  | because a motion sensor | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people get motion sickness on boats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x7:1
# text = Some people get motion sickness on boats.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sickness	sickness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | some people | motion sickness |  | boats |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sickness=Theme on boat=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He watched every motion of the child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motion:x8:1
# text = He watched every motion of the child.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | He | every motion of the child |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motion=Theme |
| 2 | **motion** |  | the child |  |  |  |  |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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