---
title: motorist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «motorist» in the school dictionary: A person who drives a car. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# motorist

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**Who acts:** person, road user, Motorists, passing motorist, Snow, Road signs · **What happens:** drive, slow down, pass, stop, help, cause · **To what, where:** car, motor vehicle, schools, delays, motorists, seat belts

<!-- .vabout -->
«motorist» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [motorist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/motorist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who drives a car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:m1:1
# text = A person who drives a car.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | a person | a car |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent car=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any road user who drives a motor vehicle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:m2:1
# text = Any road user who drives a motor vehicle.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	user	user	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | any road user | a motor vehicle |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent vehicle=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Motorists must slow down near schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x1:1
# text = Motorists must slow down near schools.
1	Motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow down** | must | Motorists |  |  | schools |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A passing motorist stopped to help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x2:1
# text = A passing motorist stopped to help.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	motorist	motorist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | past | a passing motorist |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive | a passing motorist *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow caused delays for motorists.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x3:1
# text = Snow caused delays for motorists.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	delays	delay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Snow | delays |  |  |  | for motorists | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition delay=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Road signs warn motorists about sharp bends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x4:1
# text = Road signs warn motorists about sharp bends.
1	Road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warn	warn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | Road signs | motorists |  |  |  | about sharp bends | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent motorist=Recipient about bend=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Motorists should watch out for cyclists.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x5:1
# text = Motorists should watch out for cyclists.
1	Motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cyclists	cyclist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch out** | should | Motorists |  |  |  |  | for cyclists | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for cyclist=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police reminded motorists to wear seat belts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x6:1
# text = The police reminded motorists to wear seat belts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reminded	remind	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	belts	belt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remind** *speech: other* | past | the police | motorists |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient S»: agent=Agent motorist=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wear** | to-infinitive | motorists *not said here* | seat belts |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent belt=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new road will help motorists get to town faster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:motorist:x7:1
# text = The new road will help motorists get to town faster.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | future | the new road | motorists |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent motorist=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | infinitive | motorists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to town *result*; fast *property* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to town=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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