---
title: mouldy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mouldy» in the school dictionary: Covered with mould, a soft, furry fungus that grows on old food or in damp places. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mouldy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** soft furry fungus, bread, you, it, We, our · **What happens:** cover, grow, go, not eat, be, experiment · **To what, where:** old food, that, mouldy bread, bag, mouldiest strawberries, them

<!-- .vabout -->
«mouldy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mouldy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mouldy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered with mould, a soft, furry fungus that grows on old food or in damp places.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:m1:1
# text = Covered with mould, a soft, furry fungus that grows on old food or in damp places.
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	furry	furry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with mould | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with mould=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a soft furry fungus |  |  | old food or damp places |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on food=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old, mean or nasty: «a mouldy old jumper».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:m2:1
# text = Old, mean or nasty: «a mouldy old jumper».
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bread went mouldy after a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x1:1
# text = The bread went mouldy after a week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mouldy	mouldy	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the bread |  |  |  | week | mouldy *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't eat that – it's mouldy!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x2:1
# text = Don't eat that – it's mouldy!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	_
5	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | that |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | mouldy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We grew mouldy bread in a bag for our science experiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x3:1
# text = We grew mouldy bread in a bag for our science experiment.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | We | mouldy bread |  | a bag |  | for our science experiment | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent bread=Material for experiment=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **experiment** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bathroom wall is mouldy because it's damp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x4:1
# text = The bathroom wall is mouldy because it's damp.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bathroom	bathroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bathroom wall |  |  |  |  | mouldy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | wall |  |  |  |  | damp *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mouldy fruit is fuzzy and green or white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x5:1
# text = Mouldy fruit is fuzzy and green or white.
1	Mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fuzzy	fuzzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mouldy fruit |  |  |  |  | fuzzy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Mouldy fruit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Mouldy fruit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Throw away the mouldiest strawberries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x6:1
# text = Throw away the mouldiest strawberries.
1	Throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mouldiest	mouldy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw away** | imperative | you *not said here* | the mouldiest strawberries |  |  |  | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strawberry=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then it took them to another lake, into which they cast a mouldy log.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mouldy:x7:1
# text = Then it took them to another lake, into which they cast a mouldy log.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | it | them *= they* |  | another lake | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to lake=Destination |
| 2 | **cast** | past | they | a mouldy log |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent log=Material into which=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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