---
title: mourn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mourn» in the school dictionary: To mourn is to feel and show deep sadness because someone has died. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mourn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, it, We, Grandpa, whole country, family · **What happens:** mourn, be, show, die, lose, wear · **To what, where:** deep sadness, something, end, queen, mourning, those · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mourn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mourn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mourn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mourn is to feel and show deep sadness because someone has died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:m1:1
# text = To mourn is to feel and show deep sadness because someone has died.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | feel *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | infinitive |  | deep sadness |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **die** | present · perfect | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mourn something is to feel sad that it is gone or lost: «We mourned the end of the holidays».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:m2:1
# text = To mourn something is to feel sad that it is gone or lost: «We mourned the end of the holidays».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | feel, sad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mourn** *in a quote* | past | We | the end of the holidays |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We all mourned when Grandpa died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x1:1
# text = We all mourned when Grandpa died.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **die** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole country mourned the queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x2:1
# text = The whole country mourned the queen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | past | the whole country | the queen |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer queen=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family wore black to show they were in mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x3:1
# text = The family wore black to show they were in mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the family |  |  |  |  | black *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | the family *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | they |  |  | mourning |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The girl mourned for her lost cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x4:1
# text = The girl mourned for her lost cat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | past | the girl |  |  |  |  | for girl's lost cat | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for cat=Attribute |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus said, «Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x5:1
# text = Jesus said, «Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted».
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Blessed	bless	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
7	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	mourn	mourn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	comforted	comfort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jesus |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bless** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | those |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **mourn** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **comfort** *in a quote* | shall · passive |  | they |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jewish families mourn together for seven days, called shiva.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x6:1
# text = Jewish families mourn together for seven days, called shiva.
1	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mourn	mourn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	shiva	shiva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present | Jewish families |  |  |  | day | together *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **call** | participle | seven days *not said here* | shiva |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is natural to cry when you mourn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourn:x7:1
# text = It is natural to cry when you mourn.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	mourn	mourn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mourn** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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