---
title: mourning — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mourning» in the school dictionary: Great sadness shown after someone dies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mourning

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, people, they, whole town, country, She · **What happens:** show, die, e, mourn, form, be · **To what, where:** Great sadness, sadness, form, grandad, mourn, mourning

<!-- .vabout -->
«mourning» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mourning in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mourning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great sadness shown after someone dies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:m1:1
# text = Great sadness shown after someone dies.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | participle |  | Great sadness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **die** | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The time when people show sadness after a death, often with special customs or black clothes: a period of mourning.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:m2:1
# text = The time when people show sadness after a death, often with special customs or black clothes: a period of mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | people | sadness |  |  | after a death; time | with special customs or black clothes and a period of mourning | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-ing form of «mourn»: they are mourning their grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:m3:1
# text = -ing form of «mourn»: they are mourning their grandad.
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ing	e	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	mourn	mourn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **e** | gerund |  | form of mourn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mourn** | present · progressive | they | their grandad |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grandad=Stimulus |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | mourn |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole town was in mourning after the accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x1:1
# text = The whole town was in mourning after the accident.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the whole town |  |  | mourning | after the accident |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They wore black as a sign of mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x2:1
# text = They wore black as a sign of mourning.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | They |  |  |  |  | as a sign of mourning; black *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sign** |  |  | mourning |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country held a day of mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x3:1
# text = The country held a day of mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the country |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is still mourning her old cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x4:1
# text = She is still mourning her old cat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present · progressive | She | her old cat |  |  | still |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flags flew at half-mast for mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x5:1
# text = The flags flew at half-mast for mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the flags |  |  | half mast |  | for mourning | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at mast=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is natural to feel sad when you are mourning someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x6:1
# text = It is natural to feel sad when you are mourning someone.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mourn** | present · progressive | you | someone |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were quiet out of respect for the mourning family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x7:1
# text = We were quiet out of respect for the mourning family.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  | respect for the mourning family |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was great mourning throughout the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mourning:x8:1
# text = There was great mourning throughout the land.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past |  |  |  | there |  | great *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mourn** | gerund |  |  |  |  | throughout the land |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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