---
title: mown — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mown» in the school dictionary: Cut short with a mower or a scythe, used about grass and hay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mown

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, we, I, mown grass, Dad, mown field · **What happens:** cut, use, kill, mown down, mown, play · **To what, where:** scythe, mown lawn, large numbers, grass, football, smell

<!-- .vabout -->
«mown» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mown in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mown.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut short with a mower or a scythe, used about grass and hay.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:m1:1
# text = Cut short with a mower or a scythe, used about grass and hay.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mower	mower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	scythe	scythe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | short *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a scythe *not said here* |  |  |  | about grass and hay | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshly cut, as in "newly mown lawn".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:m2:1
# text = Freshly cut, as in "newly mown lawn".
1	Freshly	freshly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	mown	mown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | mown lawn |  |  |  | freshly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lawn=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: with "down", literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Killed in large numbers, as in "mown down".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:m3:1
# text = Killed in large numbers, as in "mown down".
1	Killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | participle |  |  |  | large numbers |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mown down** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grass has been mown, so we can play football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x1:1
# text = The grass has been mown, so we can play football.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mown** | present · perfect · passive |  | the grass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | can | we | football |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I love the smell of freshly mown grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x2:1
# text = I love the smell of freshly mown grass.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	freshly	freshly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	mown	mown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | I | the smell of mown grass |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer smell=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smell** |  | mown grass |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cricket pitch was neatly mown in stripes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x3:1
# text = The cricket pitch was neatly mown in stripes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	neatly	neatly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mown** | past · passive |  | the cricket pitch |  | stripes |  | neatly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer had mown the hay and left it to dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x4:1
# text = The farmer had mown the hay and left it to dry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mown** | past · perfect · passive |  | the farmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past |  | hay |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **dry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad has mown the lawn every Saturday this summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x5:1
# text = Dad has mown the lawn every Saturday this summer.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mown** | present · perfect | Dad | the lawn |  |  | saturday; summer |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newly mown field was full of birds looking for insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x6:1
# text = The newly mown field was full of birds looking for insects.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	mown	mown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mown field |  |  |  |  | of birds; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for insects | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for insect=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the battle, soldiers were mown down by machine guns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x7:1
# text = In the battle, soldiers were mown down by machine guns.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	mown	mown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mown down** | past · passive | machine guns | soldiers |  | the battle |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just make me ten scythes, one for every man, for I want the grass mown in one of my meadows to-morrow.”

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mown:x8:1
# text = Just make me ten scythes, one for every man, for I want the grass mown in one of my meadows to-morrow.”
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	scythes	scythe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	mown	mown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	meadows	meadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | ten scythes | me |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary scythe=Product |
| 2 | **want** | present | I | the grass |  |  |  | in one of my meadows to morrow | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot grass=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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