---
title: ms — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ms» in the school dictionary: Ms (said «miz») is a title used before a woman's surname, whether she is married or not: «Ms Patel». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ms

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ms, you, your, light, reaction times, we · **What happens:** say, be, use, marry, write, start · **To what, where:** miz, title, woman, new class teacher, Dear Ms Jones, start · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ms» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ms in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ms.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ms (said «miz») is a title used before a woman's surname, whether she is married or not: «Ms Patel».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:m1:1
# text = Ms (said «miz») is a title used before a woman's surname, whether she is married or not: «Ms Patel».
1	Ms	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	miz	miz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Patel	Patel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ms *not said here* | miz |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent miz=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Ms | a title |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a title *not said here* |  |  | before a woman's surname |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **marry** | present · passive |  | woman |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«ms» (small letters) is short for millisecond, one thousandth of a second.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:m2:1
# text = «ms» (small letters) is short for millisecond, one thousandth of a second.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ms	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	millisecond	millisecond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	thousandth	thousandth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | ms |  |  |  |  | for millisecond; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
MS can be short for manuscript or for multiple sclerosis (an illness).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:m3:1
# text = MS can be short for manuscript or for multiple sclerosis (an illness).
1	MS	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	multiple	multiple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sclerosis	sclerosis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | MS |  |  |  |  | for manuscript; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good morning, Ms Lee!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x1:1
# text = Good morning, Ms Lee!
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ms Patel is our new class teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x2:1
# text = Ms Patel is our new class teacher.
1	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Patel	Patel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ms | our new class teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write «Dear Ms Jones» at the start of your letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x3:1
# text = Write «Dear Ms Jones» at the start of your letter.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Jones	Jones	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | Dear Ms Jones |  | the start of your letter |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jones=Theme |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | your letter |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **letter** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ms is used for women, married or not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x4:1
# text = Ms is used for women, married or not.
1	Ms	ms	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Ms |  |  |  | for women | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for woman=Eventuality |
| 2 | **marry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light flashed for 50 ms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x5:1
# text = The light flashed for 50 ms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flashed	flash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	ms.	Ms.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | past | the light |  |  |  |  | for 50 ms. | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our reaction times were about 250 ms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x6:1
# text = Our reaction times were about 250 ms.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	250	250	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
7	ms.	Ms.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Our reaction times | 250 |  |  |  | ms. *nmod:unmarked*; about *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ms Garcia teaches us maths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x7:1
# text = Ms Garcia teaches us maths.
1	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Garcia	Garcia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Ms | maths | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient math=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask Ms Wilson if we can go outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ms:x8:1
# text = Ask Ms Wilson if we can go outside.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Ms	Ms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	Wilson	Wilson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	ccomp	_	_
8	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Ms |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent ms=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | we |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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