---
title: mud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mud» in the school dictionary: Mud is wet, soft, sticky earth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mud/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / mud

# mud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mud, someone, football pitch, car, Pigs, you · **What happens:** be, mean, say, make, look, throw · **To what, where:** things, someone, mud, muddy boots, mud pies, garden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud is wet, soft, sticky earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:m1:1
# text = Mud is wet, soft, sticky earth.
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mud |  |  |  |  | wet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Mud *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud can mean things said to make someone look bad, as in "throw mud" (informal).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:m2:1
# text = Mud can mean things said to make someone look bad, as in "throw mud" (informal).
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Mud | things |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **throw** *in a quote* | infinitive | someone *not said here* | mud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The football pitch was full of mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x1:1
# text = The football pitch was full of mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the football pitch |  |  |  |  | of mud; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car got stuck in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x2:1
# text = The car got stuck in the mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the car |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigs roll in mud to cool down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x3:1
# text = Pigs roll in mud to cool down.
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | Pigs |  |  | mud |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mud=Trajectory |
| 2 | **cool down** | to-infinitive | Pigs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take off your muddy boots!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x4:1
# text = Take off your muddy boots!
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your muddy boots |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boot=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made mud pies in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x5:1
# text = We made mud pies in the garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pies	pie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | mud pies |  | the garden |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pie=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your explanation is as clear as mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x6:1
# text = Your explanation is as clear as mud.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your explanation |  |  |  |  | as mud; clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **explain** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom explanation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why, there is mud all over his face and paws!’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mud:x7:1
# text = Why, there is mud all over his face and paws!’
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | mud's face and paws |  | all *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [mucus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mucus/)
- next →: [muddied](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/muddied/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)