---
title: muddied — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «muddied» in the school dictionary: Made dirty or covered with mud. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# muddied

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** players, you, long explanation, His, cows, muddied things · **What happens:** make, cover, muddy, come off, leave, explain · **To what, where:** something, waters, pitch, new trainers, walk, stream · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«muddied» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [muddied in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/muddied.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made dirty or covered with mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:m1:1
# text = Made dirty or covered with mud.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with mud=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made something less clear or more confusing, as in "muddied the waters".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:m2:1
# text = Made something less clear or more confusing, as in "muddied the waters".
1	Made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	confusing	confusing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **muddy** *in a quote* | past |  | the waters |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players came off the pitch with muddied knees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x1:1
# text = The players came off the pitch with muddied knees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come off** | past | the players | the pitch |  |  |  | with muddied knees | tree rules |
| 2 | **muddy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My new trainers got muddied on the walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x2:1
# text = My new trainers got muddied on the walk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trainers	trainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muddy** | past · passive |  | My new trainers |  | the walk |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stream was muddied after the heavy rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x3:1
# text = The stream was muddied after the heavy rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muddy** | past · passive |  | the stream |  |  | after the heavy rain |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave your muddied wellies by the back door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x4:1
# text = Leave your muddied wellies by the back door.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	wellies	welly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | your muddied wellies |  |  |  | by the back door | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent welly=Theme by door=Location |
| 2 | **muddy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His long explanation only muddied the waters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x5:1
# text = His long explanation only muddied the waters.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muddy** | past | His long explanation | the waters |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **explain** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom explanation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cows had muddied the gate with their hooves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x6:1
# text = The cows had muddied the gate with their hooves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muddy** | past · perfect | the cows | the gate |  |  |  | with cows's hooves | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent gate=Patient with hoove=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The extra rules muddied things instead of making them clear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddied:x7:1
# text = The extra rules muddied things instead of making them clear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	muddied	muddy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	8	mark	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muddy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | muddied things *not said here* | rules *= rule* |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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