---
title: muddy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «muddy» in the school dictionary: Covered in mud, or full of mud. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# muddy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, dog, football pitch, We, muddy path, Mixing · **What happens:** cover, mix, make, take off, jump, be · **To what, where:** something, muddy boots, door, muddy puddle, muddy water, sand

<!-- .vabout -->
«muddy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [muddy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/muddy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered in mud, or full of mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:m1:1
# text = Covered in mud, or full of mud.
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in mud=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of water or colours — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not clear; cloudy or dull, as if mixed with mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:m2:1
# text = Not clear; cloudy or dull, as if mixed with mud.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with mud | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with mud=Co-Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something muddy or unclear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:m3:1
# text = To make something muddy or unclear.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take off your muddy boots at the door!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x1:1
# text = Take off your muddy boots at the door!
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your muddy boots |  | the door |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boot=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog jumped in a muddy puddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x2:1
# text = The dog jumped in a muddy puddle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	puddle	puddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the dog |  |  | a muddy puddle |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in puddle=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the rain, the football pitch was muddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x3:1
# text = After the rain, the football pitch was muddy.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the football pitch |  |  |  | after the rain | muddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We filtered the muddy water through sand and paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x4:1
# text = We filtered the muddy water through sand and paper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filtered	filter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **filter** | past | We | the muddy water |  | sand and paper |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muddy path was slippery, so we walked slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x5:1
# text = The muddy path was slippery, so we walked slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the muddy path |  |  |  |  | slippery *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | past | we |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mixing all the paints made a muddy colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x6:1
# text = Mixing all the paints made a muddy colour.
1	Mixing	mix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paints	paint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | gerund |  | all paints |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past | Mixing | a muddy colour |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset colour=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My jeans are muddy from the knees down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x7:1
# text = My jeans are muddy from the knees down.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My jeans |  |  | the knees |  | down, muddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river was muddy after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x8:1
# text = The river was muddy after the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the river |  |  |  | after the storm | muddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roads are so muddy, after the winter’s rains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muddy:x9:1
# text = The roads are so muddy, after the winter’s rains.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	rains	rain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the roads |  |  |  | after the winter's rains | muddy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** |  | the winter |  |  |  |  |  | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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