---
title: muffin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «muffin» in the school dictionary: A small sweet cake baked in a cup-shaped tin, often with fruit or chocolate chips. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# muffin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, muffin, you, each, Grandma, muffin tin · **What happens:** bake, shape, eat, toast, tease, cost · **To what, where:** small sweet cake, flat round bread roll, 12 blueberry muffins, 2 dollars, 24 muffins, 4

<!-- .vabout -->
«muffin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [muffin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/muffin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA, Canada, Australia and now everywhere — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small sweet cake baked in a cup-shaped tin, often with fruit or chocolate chips.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:m1:1
# text = A small sweet cake baked in a cup-shaped tin, often with fruit or chocolate chips.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | participle |  | a small sweet cake *not said here* |  |  |  | in a shaped tin with fruit or chocolate chips | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in tin=Instrument |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English muffin: a flat, round bread roll eaten toasted with butter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:m2:1
# text = English muffin: a flat, round bread roll eaten toasted with butter.
1	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
10	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	toasted	toast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | participle |  | a flat round bread roll *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **toast** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with butter | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with butter=Instrument |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friendly or teasing name for someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:m3:1
# text = A friendly or teasing name for someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	teasing	tease	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tease** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We baked 12 blueberry muffins for the fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x1:1
# text = We baked 12 blueberry muffins for the fair.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	blueberry	blueberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	muffins	muffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | We | 12 blueberry muffins |  |  |  | for the fair | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent muffin=Material for fair=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each muffin costs 2 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x2:1
# text = Each muffin costs 2 dollars.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each muffin | 2 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Share 24 muffins equally among 6 children: each gets 4.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x3:1
# text = Share 24 muffins equally among 6 children: each gets 4.
1	Share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	muffins	muffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | imperative | you *not said here* | 24 muffins |  |  |  | among 6 children; equally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | each | 4 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 4=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma toasted an English muffin for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x4:1
# text = Grandma toasted an English muffin for breakfast.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	toasted	toast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toast** | past | Grandma | a English muffin |  |  |  | for breakfast | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent muffin=Theme for breakfast=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muffin tin has 12 holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x5:1
# text = The muffin tin has 12 holes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the muffin tin | 12 holes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a chocolate muffin with my milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x6:1
# text = I had a chocolate muffin with my milk.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a chocolate muffin |  |  |  | with my milk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muffin=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And by the time the nation had gotten dry again it was interested in the new invention for toasting muffins by electricity, and all the dragons were almost forgotten.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muffin:x7:1
# text = And by the time the nation had gotten dry again it was interested in the new invention for toasting muffins by electricity, and all the dragons were almost forgotten.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	gotten	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	interested	interested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	toasting	toast	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
20	muffins	muffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
29	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past · perfect · passive |  | the nation |  |  | again; time | dry *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | nation |  |  | the new invention |  | interested *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **toast** | gerund |  | muffins |  |  |  | by electricity | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muffin=Patient |
| 4 | **forget** | past · passive |  | all dragons |  |  |  | almost *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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