---
title: mug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mug» in the school dictionary: A big cup with straight sides and a handle, for hot drinks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, mug, someone, you, bag, that · **What happens:** attack, rob, trick, have, be, hold · **To what, where:** someone, street, British silly person, mug, 300 millilitres, man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mug» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big cup with straight sides and a handle, for hot drinks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:m1:1
# text = A big cup with straight sides and a handle, for hot drinks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drink in it: «a mug of cocoa».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:m2:1
# text = The drink in it: «a mug of cocoa».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To attack and rob someone in the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:m3:1
# text = To attack and rob someone in the street.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	rob	rob	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rob** | infinitive |  | someone |  | the street |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Source |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A face; or (British) a silly person who is easily tricked.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:m4:1
# text = A face; or (British) a silly person who is easily tricked.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	tricked	trick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present · passive |  | a British silly person |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a mug of hot chocolate before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x1:1
# text = I had a mug of hot chocolate before bed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a mug of hot chocolate before bed |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mug=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful — that mug is hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x2:1
# text = Be careful — that mug is hot.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	csubj	_	_
3	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | that mug |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mug holds about 300 millilitres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x3:1
# text = The mug holds about 300 millilitres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	millilitres	millilitre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the mug | 300 millilitres |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent millilitre=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa's mug says «World's Best Grandad».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x4:1
# text = Grandpa's mug says «World's Best Grandad».
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	Best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandpa's mug |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man was mugged on the way home and lost his wallet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x5:1
# text = A man was mugged on the way home and lost his wallet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	mugged	mug	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wallet	wallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mug** | past · passive |  | a man |  | the way |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past |  | man's wallet |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wallet=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone tries to steal your bag, let it go and get to safety.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x6:1
# text = If someone tries to steal your bag, let it go and get to safety.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tries	try	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **steal** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | your bag |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bag=Theme |
| 3 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | bag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive | bag *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **get** | infinitive | bag *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to safety *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to safety=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a mug — that's a trick!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x7:1
# text = Don't be a mug — that's a trick!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a mug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that | a trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We painted our own mugs in art.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x8:1
# text = We painted our own mugs in art.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mugs	mug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | We | our own mugs |  | art |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent mug=Theme in art=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She soon understood, however, that he did not find himself quite well, and therefore brought him a mug of water.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mug:x9:1
# text = She soon understood, however, that he did not find himself quite well, and therefore brought him a mug of water.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	however	however	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past | She |  |  |  |  | however, soon *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **find** | past · do-support | he | himself *= he* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Topic |
| 3 | **bring** | past | She *not said here* | a mug of water | him *= he* |  |  | therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination mug=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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