---
title: mugging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mugging» in the school dictionary: A mugging is an attack in a public place where someone is robbed, often with threats or violence. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mugging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mugging, police, someone, you, them, He · **What happens:** be, rob, mug, mean, pull, mug up · **To what, where:** attack, public place, someone, ing form, camera, silly faces · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mugging» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mugging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mugging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mugging is an attack in a public place where someone is robbed, often with threats or violence.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:m1:1
# text = A mugging is an attack in a public place where someone is robbed, often with threats or violence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mugging	mugging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	robbed	rob	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	threats	threat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mugging | a attack |  | a public place |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rob** | present · passive |  | someone |  |  |  | with threats or violence | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mugging is the -ing form of «mug» (to rob).

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:m2:1
# text = Mugging is the -ing form of «mug» (to rob).
1	Mugging	mugging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rob	rob	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mugging | the ing form |  |  |  | of mug | tree rules |
| 2 | **rob** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mugging (for the camera) means pulling silly faces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:m3:1
# text = Mugging (for the camera) means pulling silly faces.
1	Mugging	mug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mug** | gerund |  | the camera |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Mugging |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **pull** *not said to happen* | gerund | Mugging *not said here* | silly faces |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mugging up means studying hard quickly, cramming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:m4:1
# text = Mugging up means studying hard quickly, cramming.
1	Mugging	mug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	studying	study	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	cramming	cram	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mug up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Mugging |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **study** *not said to happen* | gerund | Mugging *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard, quickly *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cram** | gerund | Mugging *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a mugging near the station last night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x1:1
# text = There was a mugging near the station last night.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mugging	mugging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a mugging |  |  | the station; there | night |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near station=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police are looking for the people behind the mugging.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x2:1
# text = The police are looking for the people behind the mugging.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mugging	mugging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present · progressive | the police |  |  |  |  | for the people behind the mugging | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for people=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone tries mugging you, let them take your things and get away safely.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x3:1
# text = If someone tries mugging you, let them take your things and get away safely.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tries	try	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	mugging	mug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mug** *not said to happen* | gerund | someone *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | your things |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 5 | **get away** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away, safely *property* | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was mugging for the camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x4:1
# text = He was mugging for the camera.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mugging	mug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mug** | past · progressive | He |  |  |  |  | for the camera | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm mugging up on my spellings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x5:1
# text = I'm mugging up on my spellings.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mugging	mug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	spellings	spelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mug up** | present · progressive | I |  |  | my spellings |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spell** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muggings are less common in busy, well-lit streets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mugging:x6:1
# text = Muggings are less common in busy, well-lit streets.
1	Muggings	mugging	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	well	well	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Muggings |  |  | busy |  | lit streets *obl*; common, less *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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