---
title: multilingual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «multilingual» in the school dictionary: Able to speak or use several languages. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# multilingual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cousin, she, airport signs, Many children, school library, Being · **What happens:** speak, use, write in, be, have, help · **To what, where:** several languages, multilingual sign, English, multilingual books, multilingual, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«multilingual» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [multilingual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/multilingual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to speak or use several languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:m1:1
# text = Able to speak or use several languages.
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive |  | several languages |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written in or using several languages, as in "a multilingual sign" or "a multilingual dictionary".

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:m2:1
# text = Written in or using several languages, as in "a multilingual sign" or "a multilingual dictionary".
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	1	obl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write in** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | gerund |  | several languages |  | a multilingual sign or a multilingual dictionary |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is multilingual; she speaks English, Polish and Spanish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x1:1
# text = My cousin is multilingual; she speaks English, Polish and Spanish.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Polish	polish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My cousin |  |  |  |  | multilingual *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | she | English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The airport signs are multilingual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x2:1
# text = The airport signs are multilingual.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the airport signs |  |  |  |  | multilingual *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many children in Ireland are bilingual or multilingual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x3:1
# text = Many children in Ireland are bilingual or multilingual.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many children in Ireland |  |  |  |  | bilingual *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Many children in Ireland *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school library has multilingual books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x4:1
# text = Our school library has multilingual books.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school library | multilingual books |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being multilingual can help you get a job abroad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x5:1
# text = Being multilingual can help you get a job abroad.
1	Being	be	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	multilingual	multilingual	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | gerund |  | multilingual |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot multilingual=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | can | Being | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a job |  |  |  | abroad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer job=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum gave us a multilingual guide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x6:1
# text = The museum gave us a multilingual guide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the museum | a multilingual guide | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient guide=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Switzerland is a multilingual country with four official languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multilingual:x7:1
# text = Switzerland is a multilingual country with four official languages.
1	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Switzerland | a multilingual country |  |  |  | with four official languages | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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