---
title: multiplication — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «multiplication» in the school dictionary: Adding the same number again and again in a quick way; the operation shown by the sign ×. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# multiplication

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** germs, Multiplication, fast way, 6, We, Long multiplication · **What happens:** add, show, multiply, be, practise, help · **To what, where:** same number, operation, fast way, equal groups, multiplication fact, multiplication tables

<!-- .vabout -->
«multiplication» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [multiplication in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/multiplication.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adding the same number again and again in a quick way; the operation shown by the sign ×.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:m1:1
# text = Adding the same number again and again in a quick way; the operation shown by the sign ×.
1	Adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
15	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	×	×	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the same number |  |  | again |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | the operation *not said here* |  |  |  | by the sign | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big increase in number (the multiplication of germs).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:m2:1
# text = A big increase in number (the multiplication of germs).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **multiply** |  | germs |  |  |  |  |  | nom multiplication «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Multiplication is a fast way of adding equal groups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x1:1
# text = Multiplication is a fast way of adding equal groups.
1	Multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Multiplication | a fast way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | a fast way *not said here* | equal groups |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
6 × 7 = 42 is a multiplication fact.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x2:1
# text = 6 × 7 = 42 is a multiplication fact.
1	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
2	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	3	case	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	5	case	_	_
5	42	42	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 6 × 7 = 42 | a multiplication fact |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We practise our multiplication tables every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x3:1
# text = We practise our multiplication tables every day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practise	practise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | present | We | our multiplication tables |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long multiplication helps with big numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x4:1
# text = Long multiplication helps with big numbers.
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Long multiplication |  |  |  |  | with big numbers | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with number=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign for multiplication is ×.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x5:1
# text = The sign for multiplication is ×.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	×	×	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sign for multiplication | × |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bacteria grow by quick multiplication.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x6:1
# text = Bacteria grow by quick multiplication.
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Bacteria |  |  |  |  | by quick multiplication | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by multiplication=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
4 bags of 5 apples: the multiplication 4 × 5 gives 20 apples.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:multiplication:x7:1
# text = 4 bags of 5 apples: the multiplication 4 × 5 gives 20 apples.
1	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	_
10	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	11	case	_	_
11	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	_
12	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | 4 bags of 5 apples | 20 apples |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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