---
title: mum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mum» in the school dictionary: Mum is the British, Irish, Australian and New Zealand word for mother. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mum/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / mum

# mum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mum, Children, mummy, playground, joke, parent · **What happens:** be, keep, mean, say, shout, call · **To what, where:** British Irish Zealand word, mum, nothing, Ireland, playground, down · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mum» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum is the British, Irish, Australian and New Zealand word for mother.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m1:1
# text = Mum is the British, Irish, Australian and New Zealand word for mother.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
4	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mum | the British Irish Zealand word |  |  |  | for mother | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Keep mum» means keep quiet and say nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m2:1
# text = «Keep mum» means keep quiet and say nothing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | mum |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mum=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **keep** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children shout «Mum!» or «Mu-um!» to call or complain; «mummy» is for small children, «mam» in Ireland, Wales and northern England.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m3:1
# text = Children shout «Mum!» or «Mu-um!» to call or complain; «mummy» is for small children, «mam» in Ireland, Wales and northern England.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shout	shout	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Mu	mu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	um	um	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	mummy	mummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | present | Children | Mum or Mu um |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mum=Topic |
| 2 | **call** | to-infinitive | Children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **complain** *speech: other* | infinitive | Children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | mummy |  |  | Ireland and Wales and northern England |  | for small children | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Your mum» is a playground put-down or joke; it is rude and not about anybody's real mother.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m4:1
# text = «Your mum» is a playground put-down or joke; it is rude and not about anybody's real mother.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	down	down	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
19	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	anybody	anybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your mum | a playground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle | a playground *not said here* | down or joke |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent down=Goal |
| 3 | **is** | present | joke |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mother», «parent» or «guardian» is used in official writing: «a parent or guardian must sign».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m5:1
# text = «Mother», «parent» or «guardian» is used in official writing: «a parent or guardian must sign».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Mother and parent or guardian |  | official writing |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sign** *in a quote* | must | a parent or guardian |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mum is also a short name for a chrysanthemum flower (US).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:m6:1
# text = A mum is also a short name for a chrysanthemum flower (US).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	chrysanthemum	chrysanthemum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mum | a short name |  |  |  | for a chrysanthemum flower | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum bought 6 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x1:1
# text = Mum bought 6 apples.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Mum | 6 apples |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her mum gave her 2 pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x2:1
# text = Her mum gave her 2 pounds.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Her mum | 2 pounds | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient pound=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum baked 3 trays of 12 buns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x3:1
# text = Mum baked 3 trays of 12 buns.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	trays	tray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	buns	bun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | Mum | 3 trays of 12 buns |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tray=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom helps his mum carry 4 bags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x4:1
# text = Tom helps his mum carry 4 bags.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present | Tom's mum | 4 bags |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum, can I go to Lily's house?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x5:1
# text = Mum, can I go to Lily's house?
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | can | Mum |  |  | Lily's house |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to house=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mum and dad came to the school play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x6:1
# text = My mum and dad came to the school play.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | My mum and dad |  |  | the school play |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to play=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep mum about the surprise party!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x7:1
# text = Keep mum about the surprise party!
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | mum |  |  |  | about the surprise party | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mum=Theme about party=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask your mum if you can stay for tea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x8:1
# text = Ask your mum if you can stay for tea.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	ccomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | your mum |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stay** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | you |  |  |  |  | for tea | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
muuum where's my other shoe (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x9:1
# text = muuum where's my other shoe (casual)
1	muuum	muuum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	casual	casual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | my other shoe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
me mum'll kill me if I'm late again, it's 5 to 6 (casual, UK)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x10:1
# text = me mum'll kill me if I'm late again, it's 5 to 6 (casual, UK)
1	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
14	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nsubj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | future | me | me |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I |  |  |  |  | again, late *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | casual *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum's the word, nobody tell him about the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x11:1
# text = Mum's the word, nobody tell him about the cake.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mum | the word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | nobody | the word *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  | about the cake | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient about cake=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil's mother purchased 6 apples and subsequently 4 more; determine the aggregate quantity purchased. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The pupil's mother purchased 6 apples and subsequently 4 more; determine the aggregate quantity purchased.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x12:1
# text = The pupil's mother purchased 6 apples and subsequently 4 more; determine the aggregate quantity purchased.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	aggregate	aggregate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **purchase** | past | the pupil's mother | 6 apples |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme |
| 2 | **determine** | infinitive | the pupil's mother *not said here* | the aggregate quantity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **purchase** | participle | the pupil's mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x12:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Good morning, mum,” says Jack, as bold as brass, “could you be so good as to give me something to eat?”

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mum:x13:1
# text = “Good morning, mum,” says Jack, as bold as brass, “could you be so good as to give me something to eat?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	iobj	_	_
26	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | present | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | could | you |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | something | Jack |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient something=Theme |
| 4 | **eat** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [multivitamin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/multivitamin/)
- next →: [mumble](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mumble/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)