---
title: mummification — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mummification» in the school dictionary: The process of preserving a dead body so that it does not rot, as the ancient Egyptians did. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mummification

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** process, body, ancient Egyptians, Mummification, Egyptians, We · **What happens:** preserve, not rot, do, take, use, learn · **To what, where:** dead body, dry places, natron salt, mummification, history topic, cats · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mummification» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mummification in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mummification.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The process of preserving a dead body so that it does not rot, as the ancient Egyptians did.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:m1:1
# text = The process of preserving a dead body so that it does not rot, as the ancient Egyptians did.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	preserving	preserve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | gerund | the process *not said here* | a dead body |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **not** **rot** | present · do-support | body |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | past | the ancient Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The natural drying and preserving of a body in very dry, cold or boggy places.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:m2:1
# text = The natural drying and preserving of a body in very dry, cold or boggy places.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drying	drying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	preserving	preserve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	boggy	boggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
16	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | gerund |  |  |  | dry places |  | of a body | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mummification in ancient Egypt could take about seventy days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x1:1
# text = Mummification in ancient Egypt could take about seventy days.
1	Mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	seventy	seventy	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | could | Mummification in ancient Egypt |  |  |  | day |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Egyptians used natron salt in mummification.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x2:1
# text = The Egyptians used natron salt in mummification.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	natron	natron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the Egyptians | natron salt |  | mummification |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned about mummification in our history topic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x3:1
# text = We learned about mummification in our history topic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  | our history topic |  | about mummification | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about mummification=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even cats and crocodiles were preserved by mummification.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x4:1
# text = Even cats and crocodiles were preserved by mummification.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive | mummification | cats and crocodiles |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ötzi the Iceman shows natural mummification in ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x5:1
# text = Ötzi the Iceman shows natural mummification in ice.
1	Ötzi	Ötzi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Iceman	Iceman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Ötzi | natural mummification |  |  |  | in ice | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent mummification=Patient in ice=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bog bodies found in Ireland and Denmark were preserved by natural mummification.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x6:1
# text = Bog bodies found in Ireland and Denmark were preserved by natural mummification.
1	Bog	bog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Denmark	Denmark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | Bog bodies *not said here* |  | Ireland and Denmark |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **preserve** | past · passive | natural mummification | Bog bodies |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Egyptians believed mummification helped the dead in the afterlife.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mummification:x7:1
# text = Ancient Egyptians believed mummification helped the dead in the afterlife.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mummification	mummification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	afterlife	afterlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | Ancient Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **help** | past | mummification | the dead |  | the afterlife |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dead=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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