---
title: mumps — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mumps» in the school dictionary: Mumps is an infectious illness caused by a virus that makes the glands under the ears swell, so the cheeks and jaw puff up and hurt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mumps

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virus, ears, cheeks, dad, MMR vaccine, She · **What happens:** be, cause, make, swell, puff up, hurt · **To what, where:** infectious illness, glands, boy, coughs

<!-- .vabout -->
«mumps» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mumps in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mumps.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mumps is an infectious illness caused by a virus that makes the glands under the ears swell, so the cheeks and jaw puff up and hurt.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:m1:1
# text = Mumps is an infectious illness caused by a virus that makes the glands under the ears swell, so the cheeks and jaw puff up and hurt.
1	Mumps	mump	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	under	under	ADP	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	swell	swell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	puff	puff	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a infectious illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a infectious illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **make** | present | a virus | the glands |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gland=Product |
| 4 | **swell** | present | the ears | the glands *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient gland=Extent |
| 5 | **puff up** | present | the cheeks and jaw |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 6 | **hurt** | infinitive | the cheeks and jaw *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad had mumps when he was a boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x1:1
# text = My dad had mumps when he was a boy.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mumps	mump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mump** | past | My dad |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | dad | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mumps makes your cheeks swell like a hamster's.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x2:1
# text = Mumps makes your cheeks swell like a hamster's.
1	Mumps	mump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	swell	swell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hamster	hamster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mump** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swell** | present | your cheeks |  |  |  |  | like a hamster | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x3:1
# text = The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	MMR	MMR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	measles	measle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	mumps	mump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the MMR vaccine |  |  |  |  | against measles | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent against measle=Theme |
| 2 | **mump** | present | the MMR vaccine *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She caught mumps and missed two weeks of school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x4:1
# text = She caught mumps and missed two weeks of school.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mumps	mump	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | catch *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **miss** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  | week |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mumps spreads through coughs and sneezes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x5:1
# text = Mumps spreads through coughs and sneezes.
1	Mumps	mump	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	coughs	cough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sneezes	sneeze	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | coughs and sneezes |  | spread *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mumps is rare now because of vaccines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mumps:x6:1
# text = Mumps is rare now because of vaccines.
1	Mumps	mump	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | now | rare *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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