---
title: muntjac — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «muntjac» in the school dictionary: A small deer from Asia, also called a barking deer because it makes a loud bark; it has now spread wild in parts of England. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# muntjac

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** deer, muntjac, Male muntjac · **What happens:** call, bark, make, spread, run, be · **To what, where:** small deer, loud bark, deer, parts, road, muntjac · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«muntjac» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [muntjac in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/muntjac.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small deer from Asia, also called a barking deer because it makes a loud bark; it has now spread wild in parts of England.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:m1:1
# text = A small deer from Asia, also called a barking deer because it makes a loud bark; it has now spread wild in parts of England.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
22	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
23	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle · passive |  | a small deer from Asia |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **bark** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | present | deer | a loud bark |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material bark=Product |
| 4 | **spread** | present · perfect · passive |  | deer |  | parts of England | now | wild *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in part=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A muntjac ran across the road in front of our car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x1:1
# text = A muntjac ran across the road in front of our car.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | a muntjac |  |  | the road |  | in front of our car | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across road=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muntjac are small deer about the size of a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x2:1
# text = Muntjac are small deer about the size of a dog.
1	Muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Muntjac | small deer |  |  |  | about the size of a dog | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muntjac barked in the woods at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x3:1
# text = The muntjac barked in the woods at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	barked	bark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | participle |  | the muntjac *not said here* |  | the woods | night |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muntjac first came to England from China.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x4:1
# text = Muntjac first came to England from China.
1	Muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Muntjac |  | England | China |  | first *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to england=Initial\_Location from china=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muntjac eat bluebells and young trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x5:1
# text = Muntjac eat bluebells and young trees.
1	Muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bluebells	bluebell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Muntjac | bluebells and young trees |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bluebell=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Male muntjac have short antlers and little tusks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:muntjac:x6:1
# text = Male muntjac have short antlers and little tusks.
1	Male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	muntjac	muntjac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Male muntjac | short antlers and little tusks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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