---
title: murky — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «murky» in the school dictionary: Dark and dirty so you cannot see through it, about water: murky water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# murky

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, rules, pond, villain, It · **What happens:** not see, understand, be, not swim, hang, move · **To what, where:** it, murky water, water, murky fog, town, murky depths

<!-- .vabout -->
«murky» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [murky in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/murky.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark and dirty so you cannot see through it, about water: murky water.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:m1:1
# text = Dark and dirty so you cannot see through it, about water: murky water.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can | you |  |  | it |  | about water and murky water | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark, gloomy or foggy, about air or light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:m2:1
# text = Dark, gloomy or foggy, about air or light.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not clear and hard to understand: the rules are murky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:m3:1
# text = Not clear and hard to understand: the rules are murky.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | the rules |  |  |  |  | murky *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dishonest or secret in a suspicious way: a murky past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:m4:1
# text = Dishonest or secret in a suspicious way: a murky past.
1	Dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't swim in murky water; you can't see what's under it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x1:1
# text = Don't swim in murky water; you can't see what's under it.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	under	under	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **swim** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | murky water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |
| 2 | **not** **see** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  | water |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pond was murky and green.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x2:1
# text = The pond was murky and green.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the pond |  |  |  |  | murky *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the pond *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A murky fog hung over the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x3:1
# text = A murky fog hung over the town.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | participle |  | a murky fog *not said here* |  | the town |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over town=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something moved in the murky depths of the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x4:1
# text = Something moved in the murky depths of the lake.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | participle |  |  |  | the murky depths of the lake |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in depth=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rules about phones in school are a bit murky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x5:1
# text = The rules about phones in school are a bit murky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the rules about phones in school |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; murky *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain had a murky past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x6:1
# text = The villain had a murky past.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the villain | a murky past |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent past=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a murky, grey afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murky:x7:1
# text = It was a murky, grey afternoon.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	murky	murky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a murky grey afternoon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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