---
title: murmur — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «murmur» in the school dictionary: A soft, low sound of voices, or of water, wind or bees, that goes on and on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# murmur

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** soft low sound, quiet complaint, heart murmur, doctor, many, murmur · **What happens:** go, say, pay, be, hear, run · **To what, where:** something, extra sound, heartbeat, audience, excitement, murmur · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«murmur» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [murmur in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/murmur.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft, low sound of voices, or of water, wind or bees, that goes on and on.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:m1:1
# text = A soft, low sound of voices, or of water, wind or bees, that goes on and on.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	on	on	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	on	on	ADV	RB	_	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a soft low sound of voices |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say something very quietly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:m2:1
# text = To say something very quietly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A quiet complaint: «They paid without a murmur.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:m3:1
# text = A quiet complaint: «They paid without a murmur.».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** *in a quote* | past | a quiet complaint |  |  |  |  | without a murmur | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heart murmur is an extra sound a doctor hears in the heartbeat; many are harmless.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:m4:1
# text = A heart murmur is an extra sound a doctor hears in the heartbeat; many are harmless.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a heart murmur | a extra sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | present | a doctor | a extra sound *not said here* |  | the heartbeat |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | many |  |  |  |  | harmless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A murmur of excitement ran through the audience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x1:1
# text = A murmur of excitement ran through the audience.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | a murmur of excitement |  |  | the audience |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through audience=Trajectory |
| 2 | **murmur** |  |  | excitement |  |  |  |  | nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Goodnight,» she murmured sleepily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x2:1
# text = «Goodnight,» she murmured sleepily.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Goodnight	Goodnight	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	murmured	murmur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	sleepily	sleepily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **murmur** *speech: other* | past | Goodnight |  |  |  |  | sleepily *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the murmur of the stream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x3:1
# text = We heard the murmur of the stream.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the murmur of the stream |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer murmur=Stimulus |
| 2 | **murmur** |  |  | the stream |  |  |  |  | nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He did his chores without a murmur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x4:1
# text = He did his chores without a murmur.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	chores	chore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | He | his chores |  |  |  | without a murmur | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chore=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor heard a small heart murmur, but said it was nothing to worry about.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x5:1
# text = The doctor heard a small heart murmur, but said it was nothing to worry about.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	10	ccomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	worry	worry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the doctor | a small heart murmur |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer murmur=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | doctor | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **worry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The murmur of bees filled the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x6:1
# text = The murmur of bees filled the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the murmur of bees | the garden |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |
| 2 | **murmur** |  |  | bees |  |  |  |  | nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Tell on, my love,” Finnian murmured

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:murmur:x7:1
# text = “Tell on, my love,” Finnian murmured
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
9	Finnian	Finnian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	murmured	murmur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell on** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | my love *vocative* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **murmur** *speech: other* | past | Finnian |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **love** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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