---
title: mushroom — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mushroom» in the school dictionary: A mushroom is a fungus with a stalk and a round cap; some kinds are eaten as food. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mushroom

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mushroom, fungus, We, you, Mushrooms, It · **What happens:** be, eat, mean, grow, spread, shape · **To what, where:** fungus, kinds, round shaped stopper, hole, New houses, mushroom soup

<!-- .vabout -->
«mushroom» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mushroom in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mushroom.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mushroom is a fungus with a stalk and a round cap; some kinds are eaten as food.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:m1:1
# text = A mushroom is a fungus with a stalk and a round cap; some kinds are eaten as food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stalk	stalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mushroom | a fungus |  |  |  | with a stalk and a round cap | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | present · passive | a fungus *not said here* | some kinds |  |  |  | as food | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mushroom means to grow or spread very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:m2:1
# text = To mushroom means to grow or spread very fast.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | mushroom |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | mushroom *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spread** | infinitive | mushroom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New houses mushroomed in the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:m2e:1
# text = New houses mushroomed in the town.
1	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	mushroomed	mushroom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mushroom** | participle |  | New houses *not said here* |  |  |  | in the town | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in town=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mushroom can also be a round, mushroom-shaped stopper, used to plug a hole.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:m3:1
# text = A mushroom can also be a round, mushroom-shaped stopper, used to plug a hole.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	stopper	stopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	plug	plug	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | can | a mushroom | a round shaped stopper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a round shaped stopper *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **plug** | to-infinitive |  | a hole |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hole=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had mushroom soup for lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x1:1
# text = We had mushroom soup for lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | mushroom soup |  |  |  | for lunch | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soup=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never pick and eat wild mushrooms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x2:1
# text = Never pick and eat wild mushrooms.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pick** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **eat** | infinitive | you *not said here* | wild mushrooms |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mushroom=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mushrooms grow in damp, dark places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x3:1
# text = Mushrooms grow in damp, dark places.
1	Mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Mushrooms |  |  | damp dark places |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mushroom is a kind of fungus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x4:1
# text = A mushroom is a kind of fungus.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mushroom | a kind |  |  |  | of fungus | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some mushrooms are poisonous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x5:1
# text = Some mushrooms are poisonous.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some mushrooms |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were mushrooms growing on the old log.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x6:1
# text = There were mushrooms growing on the old log.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | mushrooms |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | mushrooms *not said here* |  |  | the old log |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on log=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mushrooms spread by tiny spores.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x7:1
# text = Mushrooms spread by tiny spores.
1	Mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	spores	spore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Mushrooms |  |  |  |  | by tiny spores | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by spore=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town mushroomed into a city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x8:1
# text = The town mushroomed into a city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	mushroomed	mushroom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mushroom** | participle |  | the town *not said here* |  | a city |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was the custom of the boys to stop it with a mushroom when enemies were in the neighbourhood.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mushroom:x9:1
# text = It was the custom of the boys to stop it with a mushroom when enemies were in the neighbourhood.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
15	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	neighbourhood	neighbourhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | the custom |  |  |  | of the boys | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | custom |  |  |  | with a mushroom | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality with mushroom=Subeventuality |
| 3 | **is** | past | enemies |  |  | the neighbourhood |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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