---
title: musing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «musing» in the school dictionary: Musing is thinking quietly and slowly about something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# musing

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**Who acts:** Musings, person, He, His, Her · **What happens:** muse, think, be, have, walk on, keep · **To what, where:** thoughts, him

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«musing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [musing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/musing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Musing is thinking quietly and slowly about something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:musing:m1:1
# text = Musing is thinking quietly and slowly about something.
1	Musing	muse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | about something; quietly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Musings are thoughts a person has while thinking quietly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:musing:m2:1
# text = Musings are thoughts a person has while thinking quietly.
1	Musings	musing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Musings | thoughts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a person | thoughts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thought=Patient |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He walked on, musing on the strange affair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:musing:x1:1
# text = He walked on, musing on the strange affair.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	musing	muse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	affair	affair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk on** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **muse** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the strange affair | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on affair=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His musings kept him from noticing the time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:musing:x2:1
# text = His musings kept him from noticing the time.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	musings	musing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | His musings | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **notice** | gerund | His musings *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **muse** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom musing «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her musings were full of happy memories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:musing:x3:1
# text = Her musings were full of happy memories.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	musings	musing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	memories	memory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her musings |  |  |  |  | of happy memories; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **muse** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom musing «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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