---
title: mustang — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mustang» in the school dictionary: A small, tough, half-wild horse of the western USA, descended from horses brought by the Spanish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mustang

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small tough wild horse, Herds, cowboy, Mustangs, Spanish, uncle · **What happens:** descend, bring, name, roam, tame, come · **To what, where:** horses, famous American sports car, parts, young mustang, America, red Mustang

<!-- .vabout -->
«mustang» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mustang in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mustang.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small, tough, half-wild horse of the western USA, descended from horses brought by the Spanish.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:m1:1
# text = A small, tough, half-wild horse of the western USA, descended from horses brought by the Spanish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
15	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | past | a small tough wild horse of the western USA |  |  |  |  | from horses | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from horse=Location |
| 2 | **bring** | participle |  | horses *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Spanish | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: with a capital M — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name of a famous American sports car, the Ford Mustang, and of a Second World War fighter plane, the P-51 Mustang.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:m2:1
# text = The name of a famous American sports car, the Ford Mustang, and of a Second World War fighter plane, the P-51 Mustang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Ford	Ford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Mustang	Mustang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
17	Second	Second	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
18	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
20	fighter	fighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	P	P	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	51	51	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	24	appos	_	_
27	Mustang	Mustang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** |  |  | a famous American sports car |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Herds of wild mustangs still roam parts of Nevada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x1:1
# text = Herds of wild mustangs still roam parts of Nevada.
1	Herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	mustangs	mustang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	roam	roam	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Nevada	Nevada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roam** | present | Herds of wild mustangs | parts of Nevada |  |  | still |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy tamed a young mustang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x2:1
# text = The cowboy tamed a young mustang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tamed	tame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mustang	mustang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tame** | past | the cowboy | a young mustang |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mustang=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mustangs came from horses the Spanish brought to America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x3:1
# text = Mustangs came from horses the Spanish brought to America.
1	Mustangs	mustang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Mustangs |  |  |  |  | from horses | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from horse=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **bring** | past | the Spanish |  | America |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to america=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle drives a red Mustang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x4:1
# text = My uncle drives a red Mustang.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Mustang	Mustang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | My uncle | a red Mustang |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mustang=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mustang galloped across the plains with its mane flying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x5:1
# text = The mustang galloped across the plains with its mane flying.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mustang	mustang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	galloped	gallop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mane	mane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gallop** | participle |  | the mustang *not said here* |  | the plains with mustang's mane |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across plain=Trajectory |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | mustang's mane *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read a story about a girl and a wild mustang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x6:1
# text = We read a story about a girl and a wild mustang.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	mustang	mustang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a story |  |  |  | about a girl and a wild mustang | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The P-51 Mustang was a famous fighter plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mustang:x7:1
# text = The P-51 Mustang was a famous fighter plane.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	P	P	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	51	51	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	_
5	Mustang	Mustang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	fighter	fighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the P | a famous fighter plane |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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