---
title: mutualism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mutualism» in the school dictionary: Mutualism is a relationship between two different kinds of living things in which both of them benefit. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mutualism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mutualism, both, Examples, Bees, Clownfish, Oxpecker birds · **What happens:** be, benefit, show, get, pollinate, live · **To what, where:** relationship, living things, bees, mutualism, nectar, flowers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mutualism» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mutualism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mutualism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mutualism is a relationship between two different kinds of living things in which both of them benefit.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:m1:1
# text = Mutualism is a relationship between two different kinds of living things in which both of them benefit.
1	Mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
14	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	_
17	benefit	benefit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mutualism | a relationship |  |  |  | between two different kinds of living things | tree rules |
| 2 | **benefit** | present | both |  |  | living things |  |  | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V»: agent=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Examples are bees and flowers, or clownfish and sea anemones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:m2:1
# text = Examples are bees and flowers, or clownfish and sea anemones.
1	Examples	example	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	clownfish	clownfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	anemones	anemone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Examples | bees and flowers or clownfish and sea anemones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees and flowers show mutualism: bees get nectar and flowers get pollinated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x1:1
# text = Bees and flowers show mutualism: bees get nectar and flowers get pollinated.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	pollinated	pollinate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Bees and flowers | mutualism |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mutualism=Recipient |
| 2 | **get** | present | bees | nectar |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nectar=Stimulus |
| 3 | **pollinate** | present · passive |  | flowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clownfish and sea anemones live in mutualism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x2:1
# text = Clownfish and sea anemones live in mutualism.
1	Clownfish	clownfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	anemones	anemone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Clownfish and sea anemones |  |  | mutualism |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mutualism=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxpecker birds eat ticks off zebras; that is mutualism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x3:1
# text = Oxpecker birds eat ticks off zebras; that is mutualism.
1	Oxpecker	oxpecker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ticks	tick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	zebras	zebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat off** | present | Oxpecker birds | ticks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | that mutualism |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mutualism means both sides win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x4:1
# text = Mutualism means both sides win.
1	Mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Mutualism |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | present | both sides |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew a poster of mutualism in the rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x5:1
# text = We drew a poster of mutualism in the rainforest.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | a poster of mutualism in the rainforest |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poster=Theme |
| 2 | **post** |  |  | mutualism in the rainforest |  |  |  |  | nom poster «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungi and tree roots help each other in mutualism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x6:1
# text = Fungi and tree roots help each other in mutualism.
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	5	obj	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Fungi and tree roots | each |  | mutualism |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bacteria in your gut and you share a kind of mutualism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x7:1
# text = The bacteria in your gut and you share a kind of mutualism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	gut	gut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | the bacteria in your gut | a kind of mutualism |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is a flea on a dog mutualism? No, the dog is harmed.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is a flea on a dog mutualism?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x8:1
# text = Is a flea on a dog mutualism?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flea	flea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	mutualism	mutualism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a flea |  | a dog mutualism |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* No, the dog is harmed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mutualism:x8:2
# text = No, the dog is harmed.
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present · passive |  | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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