---
title: myopia — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «myopia» in the school dictionary: Short-sightedness: being able to see things close to you clearly but things far away look blurry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# myopia

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Short sightedness, things, optician, I, Myopia, you · **What happens:** be, see, look, not think, happen, think about · **To what, where:** things, myopia, glasses, book, road, lenses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«myopia» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [myopia in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/myopia.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short-sightedness: being able to see things close to you clearly but things far away look blurry.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:m1:1
# text = Short-sightedness: being able to see things close to you clearly but things far away look blurry.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	sightedness	sightedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
16	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
19	blurry	blurry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | Short sightedness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Short sightedness *not said here* | things |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive | things |  |  |  |  | away, blurry *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not thinking about the future or about what will happen later; only thinking about now.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:m2:1
# text = Not thinking about the future or about what will happen later; only thinking about now.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
15	about	about	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about the future | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about future=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | future |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **think about** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  | now |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The optician said I have myopia, so I need glasses for the board.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x1:1
# text = The optician said I have myopia, so I need glasses for the board.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	optician	optician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the optician |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | myopia |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myopia=Patient |
| 3 | **need** | present | I | glasses |  |  |  | for the board | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot glass=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Myopia means you can read a book but not a sign across the road.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x2:1
# text = Myopia means you can read a book but not a sign across the road.
1	Myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Myopia |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read** | can | you | a book but a sign |  | the road |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More children have myopia today, and doctors say playing outside may help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x3:1
# text = More children have myopia today, and doctors say playing outside may help.
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
11	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | More children | myopia |  |  | today |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myopia=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | doctors |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **play** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **help** | may | playing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glasses for myopia have lenses that are thinner in the middle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x4:1
# text = Glasses for myopia have lenses that are thinner in the middle.
1	Glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	thinner	thin	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	parataxis	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Glasses for myopia | lenses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lens=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  | the middle |  | thin *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother's myopia got worse, so he got contact lenses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x5:1
# text = My brother's myopia got worse, so he got contact lenses.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My brother's myopia |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **get** | past | myopia | contact lenses |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lens=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper blamed the council's myopia for not planning ahead.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myopia:x6:1
# text = The newspaper blamed the council's myopia for not planning ahead.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blamed	blame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	myopia	myopia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	planning	plan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blame** | past | the newspaper | the council's myopia |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myopia=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **plan** | gerund | the newspaper *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ahead *property* | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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